This book traces the development of music in the late 20th and early 21st centuries with regards to the work of six women composers: Sofia Gubaidulina, Joan Tower, Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, Libby Larsen, Chen Yi, and Judith Weir. The study integrates cultural contexts with the composers’ biographies, their diverse compositional styles, and provides in-depth analyses of their musical works. The Kaleidoscope of Women’s Sounds in Music of the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries offers a more detailed guide to not only these composers, but also their musical characters and styles, than previous studies on women’s music. It discusses several aspects of these women’s compositional perspectives and their personal experiences as they developed their music careers. The book also places emphasis on how these composers incorporated diverse musical styles and the idioms of others into the development of their own distinctly personal styles. The analytical approach adopted in this book is supplemented with illustrations of musical examples in order to provide a more complete understanding of the work of these composers.

This volume presents fifteen musicological perspectives on the creativity of women composers and the question of 'femininity' in Southeastern-European musical cultures from 1918 on. In the questions about and beyond a 'female aesthetics', socio-cultural approaches to the lives of creative women prove to be indispensable for contemporary musicological gender research, because highly complex facts of musical life and social realities in political systems cannot be separated from each other. By this means the exclusion and marginalization of women composers in the national and international music establishment, as well as strategies for overcoming these systems, are made visible and brought to consciousness. This volume therefore focusses on the social, cultural, and biological preconditions of cultural action, and intends to arouse curiosity for multi-layered realities; it aims to increase the reception of the compositional oeuvre of women composers from Southeastern Europe by the global music scene, the musicological discourse, and an engaged audience.

This set covers all aspects of international hip hop as expressed through music, art, fashion, dance, and political activity. Hip hop music has gone from being a marginalized genre in the late 1980s to the predominant style of music in America, the UK, Nigeria, South Africa, and other countries around the world. Hip Hop around the World includes more than 450 entries on global hip hop culture as it includes music, art, fashion, dance, social and cultural movements, organizations, and styles of hip hop. Virtually every country is represented in the text. Most of the entries focus on music styles and notable musicians and are unique in that they discuss the sound of various hip hop styles and musical artists' lyrical content, vocal delivery, vocal ranges, and more. Many additional entries deal with dance styles, such as breakdancing or b-boying/b-girling, popping/locking, clowning, and krumping, and cultural movements, such as black nationalism, Nation of Islam, Five Percent Nation, and Universal Zulu Nation. Country entries take into account politics, history, language, authenticity, and personal and community identification. Special care is taken to draw relationships between people and entities such as mentor-apprentice, producer-musician, and more.

The current volume traces the ways in which women composers from the early 20th century onwards incorporate and reinterpret musical elements of past music in their compositions. It investigates their unique musical writings in which they fuse traditional idioms into their musical contexts. The book reveals the composers’ perspectives toward their compositional techniques and structural constructions, and the influences that lead us to better understand their music. It provides in-depth analyses, with musical examples, of the composers’ mature compositions, and several aspects of their compositional perspectives. It also discusses their personal experiences as they developed in their music careers; for example, organizations, patrons, groups and people in various countries that helped support their music are discussed. It offers an insight into the growth and development of women’s associations, organizations and musical activity that have developed since the 20th century. Valuable information is afforded to young musicians wanting to understand contemporary music, and to listener-readers seeking a wider knowledge of contemporary music by women composers.

The current volume traces the ways in which women composers from the early 20th century onwards incorporate and reinterpret musical elements of past music in their compositions. It investigates their unique musical writings in which they fuse traditional idioms into their musical contexts. The book reveals the composers' perspectives toward their compositional techniques and structural constructions, and the influences that lead us to better understand their music. It provides in-depth analyses, with musical examples, of the composers' mature compositions, and several aspects of their compositional perspectives. It also discusses their personal experiences as they developed in their music careers; for example, organizations, patrons, groups and people in various countries that helped support their music are discussed. It offers an insight into the growth and development of women's associations, organizations and musical activity that have developed since the 20th century. Valuable information is afforded to young musicians wanting to understand contemporary music, and to listener-readers seeking a wider knowledge of contemporary music by women composers.

African Americans' historical roots are encapsulated in the lyrics, melodies, and rhythms of their music. In the 18th and 19th centuries, African slaves, longing for emancipation, expressed their hopes and dreams through spirituals. Inspired by African civilization and culture, as well as religion, art, literature, and social issues, this influential, joyous, tragic, uplifting, challenging, and enduring music evolved into many diverse genres, including jazz, blues, rock and roll, soul, swing, and hip hop. Providing a lyrical history of our nation, this groundbreaking encyclopedia, the first of its kind, showcases all facets of African American music including folk, religious, concert and popular styles. Over 500 in-depth entries by more than 100 scholars on a vast range of topics such as genres, styles, individuals, groups, and collectives as well as historical topics such as music of the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, and numerous others. Offering balanced representation of key individuals, groups, and ensembles associated with diverse religious beliefs, political affiliations, and other perspectives not usually approached, this indispensable reference illuminates the profound role that African American music has played in American cultural history. Editors Price, Kernodle, and Maxile provide balanced representation of various individuals, groups and ensembles associated with diverse religious beliefs, political affiliations, and perspectives. Also highlighted are the major record labels, institutions of higher learning, and various cultural venues that have had a tremendous impact on the development and preservation of African American music. Among the featured: Motown Records, Black Swan Records, Fisk University, Gospel Music Workshop of America, The Cotton Club, Center for Black Music Research, and more. With a broad scope, substantial entries, current coverage, and special attention to historical, political, and social contexts, this encyclopedia is designed specifically for high school and undergraduate students. Academic and public libraries will treasure this resource as an incomparable guide to our nation's African American heritage.