Digital health is a rapidly expanding area of interest for both research, policy and practice, and within that area digital technologies (DTs) for health financing receive increasing attention. DTs can change the nature and business processes of health financing functions and tasks and modify the interactions between health financing actors. Depending on their design features and actual implementation as well as broader contextual factors, DTs can affect the health financing tasks and functions (positively or negatively). However, little robust evidence exists on the impact of DTs specifically on health financing and universal health coverage (UHC) objectives. More rigorous evaluations in this area is urgently needed. The aim of this guide is to support the evidence generation on DTs for health financing. The guide provides orientation to analyse a country use case of digital technology and its (positive and negative) effects for health financing, i.e. whether, how and why it contributes to the realization of desirable health financing attributes and UHC intermediate and final objectives or whether, how and in which circumstances it is actually harmful to these.

Artificial intelligence Re-Engineering the Global Public Health Ecosystem: A Humanity Worth Saving provides a unifying strategic vision (and principles and examples operationalizing it) for the AI-accelerated effective, efficient, and equitable global public health of the future. Readers will find an ecosystem-based approach to understanding how AI is transforming and globalizing public health (and thus our underlying political economics, contextualized in our diverse cultures). The book integrates data architecture, digital health ecosystem, algorithms (including machine and deep learning and artificial general intelligence), quantum computing, global disease surveillance, adaptive value supply chains, demographic shifts, integral development, network science, health financing, healthcare system design, and multicultural global ethics underlying diverse political economic systems in a clear and concrete way forward together, within a divided but digitized and globalized world. Written by the world’s first triple doctorate-trained physician-data scientist and AI ethicist, this book is a compelling and coherent guide to help empower and equip AI developers, students, practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and leaders in digital technology, public health, healthcare, health policy, public policy, political science, economics, and ethics to generate the healthcare solutions that will define humanity’s next era. Details the first comprehensive ecosystem analysis of global public health revolutionized by AI. Uses concrete examples to explain the dominant players and trends determining health’s future, including through data architecture, financing, political economics, demographics, security, and multicultural ethics. Provides a successful full-spectrum formula for governments, institutions, companies, and communities to scale equitable health globally while respecting local identities and values.

The role of digital technologies for health financing and their potential contribution to UHC progress is receiving increased attention, although the evidence base is still very small, indicating the need for further documentation and assessments of countries’ practices. This paper seeks to contribute to gathering the evidence needed. Specifically, the paper assesses the experiences of three countries – Cambodia, India and Rwanda – to explore the use and role of digital technologies that support the identification of the poor and other vulnerable population groups. The focus is on the processes of targeting, identification and identity confirmation as important health financing-related tasks that cut across the revenue-raising and pooling functions with the purpose of providing fully- or partially subsidized coverage via publicly funded health coverage schemes.

Zusammenfassung: This book provides an in-depth analysis of current development concerning ICTs with reference to vocational education and training. It presents the best and innovative ICT-based solutions implemented in education and explores controversial topics such as challenges and opportunities. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have dramatically changed the way we learn and work. They have created new opportunities along with new challenges, putting profound and urgent implications on vocational education and training (VET). Nowadays, we must think broadly and make the right choices about VET using innovation and digitalization to boost the quality of vocational education and training, enable the upskilling and reskilling of adults, and enhance the employability of learners. The potential and the impact of ICTs in vocational education and training have yet to be fully exploited, leading to an emerging direction of research. This book helps readers to understand the idea of business education and education governance in a digital age. It is of interest to practitioners, administrators, researchers, teachers, teacher educators and students.

This book discusses and evaluates AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms in dealing with challenges that are primarily related to public health. It also helps find ways in which we can measure possible consequences and societal impacts by taking the following factors into account: open public health issues and common AI solutions (with multiple case studies, such as TB and SARS: COVID-19), AI in sustainable health care, AI in precision medicine and data privacy issues. Public health requires special attention as it drives economy and education system. COVID-19 is an example—a truly infectious disease outbreak. The vision of WHO is to create public health services that can deal with abovementioned crucial challenges by focusing on the following elements: health protection, disease prevention and health promotion. For these issues, in the big data analytics era, AI and ML tools/techniques have potential to improve public health (e.g., existing healthcare solutions and wellness services). In other words, they have proved to be valuable tools not only to analyze/diagnose pathology but also to accelerate decision-making procedure especially when we consider resource-constrained regions.