The Declaration of Arbroath, 6 April, 1320, is one of the most remarkable documents to have been produced anywhere in medieval Europe. Signed by 51 Scottish nobles, it confirms Scotland's status as an independent sovereign state with the right to use military action if unjustly attacked. Quoted by many, understood by few, its historical significance has now almost been overtaken by its mythic status. Since 1998, the US Senate has claimed that the American Declaration of Independence is modelled upon 'the inspirational document' of Arbroath. This is the first book-length study to examine the origins of the Declaration and the ideas upon which it drew, while tracing the rise of its mythic status in Scotland and exploring its impact upon revolutionary America.

The Declaration of Arbroath took the form of a letter or petition sent from the Scottish nobles to Pope John XXII, dated April 6th 1320. In it the nobles argued for their claim to independence and sovereignty under Robert the Bruce, promising obedience and allegiance, and requesting to be left alone by the English. This famous document was not only significant in medieval times but it is said to have been the model for the American Declaration of Independence, bringing its importance and relevance up to the present day. These seven essays are taken from a conference held in Arbroath in 3000 with contributors discussing the Declaration from historical, ideological, architectural and environmental perspectives. The book opens with an English translation of the original Latin version of the Declaration.

The Declaration of Arbroath, 6 April 1320, is one of the most remarkable documents to have been produced anywhere in Medieval Europe. Quoted by many, understood by few, its historical significance had now almost been overtaken by its mythic status. The beginning of a new century, in the wake of the re-establishment of the Scottish Parliament, seems an appropriate moment to re-examine one of Scotland's long-cherished historical icons. Since 1998 the US Senate has claimed that the American Declaration of Independence is modelled upon 'that inspirational document', and 6 April is celebrated annually as a day of national significance to all Americans, especially those of Scottish descent. So far such claims have not been the subject of scholarly investigation. This is the first book-length study to examine the origins of the Declaration and the ideas upon which it drew, while tracing the rise of its mythic status in Scotland and exploring its possible impact upon Revolutionary America.

In a stunningly original look at the American Declaration of Independence, David Armitage reveals the document in a new light: through the eyes of the rest of the world. Not only did the Declaration announce the entry of the United States onto the world stage, it became the model for other countries to follow. Armitage examines the Declaration as a political, legal, and intellectual document, and is the first to treat it entirely within a broad international framework. He shows how the Declaration arose within a global moment in the late eighteenth century similar to our own. He uses over one hundred declarations of independence written since 1776 to show the influence and role the U.S. Declaration has played in creating a world of states out of a world of empires. He discusses why the framers’ language of natural rights did not resonate in Britain, how the document was interpreted in the rest of the world, whether the Declaration established a new nation or a collection of states, and where and how the Declaration has had an overt influence on independence movements—from Haiti to Vietnam, and from Venezuela to Rhodesia. Included is the text of the U.S. Declaration of Independence and sample declarations from around the world. An eye-opening list of declarations of independence since 1776 is compiled here for the first time. This unique global perspective demonstrates the singular role of the United States document as a founding statement of our modern world.

This wide-ranging and ground-breaking book, especially relevant given Brexit and renewed Scottish independence campaigning, provides in-depth analysis of ways Scottishness has been performed and modified over the centuries. Alongside theatre, television, comedy, and film, it explores performativity in public events, Anglo-Scottish relations, language and literary practice, the Scottish diaspora and concepts of nation, borders and hybridity. Following discussion of the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath and the real meanings of the 1706/7 Treaty of Union, it examines the differing perceptions of what the ‘United Kingdom’ means to Scots and English. It contrasts the treatment of Shakespeare and Burns as ‘national bards’ and considers the implications of Scottish scholars’ invention of ‘English Literature’. It engages with Scotland’s language politics –rebutting claims of a ‘Gaelic Gestapo’ – and how borders within Scotland interact. It replaces myths about ‘tartan monsters’ with level-headed evidence before discussing in detail representations of Scottishness in domestic and international media.