This book contains material from the lecture courses conducted at the Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI, Colorado, USA) on high energy physics and cosmology in 2008. Three series of lectures are presented in parallel in the areas of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) phenomenology and experimentation; advanced theoretical topics beyond the standard model; and neutrino oscillation, astroparticle physics and cosmology. The phenomenology lectures cover a broad spectrum of standard research techniques used to interpret present-day and LHC data. The new physics lectures focus on modern speculations about physics beyond the standard model, with an emphasis on supersymmetry, grand unification theories, extra-dimensional theories, and string phenomenology, which may be tested at the LHC. The lecture series on neutrino physics, astroparticle physics and cosmology treats recent developments in neutrino oscillations, theories and searches of dark matter and dark energy, cosmic microwave background radiation, and density perturbation theory. The lectures are of pedagogical nature in presentation, and are accessible to advanced graduate students and researchers in high energy physics and cosmology.

In this thesis, I explore various experimental, theoretical, and observational consequences of supersymmetry (SUSY). I show how copious production of Higgs bosons in SUSY events at the LHC can be a striking signal of multiple SUSY-breaking. In the context of anomaly mediation in supergravity, I demonstrate how goldstino couplings can be used as a probe of the underlying symmetry structure of unbroken SUSY in anti-de Sitter space. When multiple SUSY-breaking occurs and goldstini comprise most of the dark matter in the universe, I find a new two-body decay mode of a goldstini to a gravitino and a single photon that could be a striking indirect detection of dark matter if it were seen at gamma-ray telescopes such as FERMI.

This work covers the required mathematical and theoretical tools required for understanding the Standard Model of particle physics. It explains the accelerator and detector physics which are needed for the experiments that underpin the Standard Model.

This book is the proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics, ISSP 2012, 50th Course — ERICE, 23 June 2013 - 2 July 2012. This course was devoted to the celebrations of the 50th Anniversary of the Subnuclear Physics School which was started in 1961 by Antonino Zichichi with John Bell at CERN and formally established in 1962 by Bell, Blackett, Weisskopf, Rabi and Zichichi in Geneva (CERN). The lectures covered the latest and most significant achievements in theoretical and in experimental subnuclear physics.

QCD Celebrations and Gold-Medal to Murray Gell-Mann: Opening Remarks (A Zichichi); Some Reminiscences of Research Leading to QCD and Beyond (M Gell-Mann); The Erice Centre, Gell-Mann, QCD, the Effective Energy and Complexity (A Zichichi); History of QCD (H Fritzsch); On the History of the Strong Interaction (H Leutwyler); Colour Transparency and Saturation in QCD (D Schildknecht); Glue-mesons: Their Conception Needs All of QCD in the Infrared (P Minkowski); Quark Masses in QCD (C A Dominguez); The Quark Model and QCD (F Close); Key Steps Toward the Creation of QCD Notes on the Logic and History of the Genesis of QCD (T Y Cao); Hot Theoretical Topics: Perturbative Gravity from Gauge Theory (Z Bern); Black Holes and Supersymmetry (L Andrianopoli, R D'Auria and S Ferrara); Composite Weak Bosons at the LHC (H Fritzsch); High Energy Scattering in QCD and in Quantum Gravity (L N Lipatov); One-Parameter Model for the Superworld (D V Nanopoulos et al.); Beyond Relativistic Quantum String Theory (G 't Hooft); Hot Experimental Topics: Borexino Latest Results (G Bellini); Highlights from LHC (P Bloch); Highlights from ATLAS (P Jenni); Origin and Status of Luna at Gran Sasso (C Broggini); Highlights from ALICE (P Giubellino); Highlights from BNL-RHIC (M J Tannenbaum); Origin and Status of the Gran Sasso INFN Laboratory (L Votano); Seminars on Specialized Topics: Status of Opera (D Autiero); The Origin and Status of the Third Neutrino (A Bettini); High Energy Physics and Gravitational Waves (E Coccia); Four Decades of Computing in Subnuclear Physics from Bubble Chamber to LHC (J Knobloch); The LAA Project and the Consequences on LHC (H Wenninger); Complexity and the QGCW Project (A Zichichi); Special Sessions for New Talents: Patterns of Flavour Violation at the Dawn of the LHC Era (M V Carlucci); Precise M

This thesis provides an introduction to the physics of the Standard Model and beyond, and to the methods used to analyse Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data. The 'hierarchy problem', astrophysical data and experiments on neutrinos indicate that new physics can be expected at the now accessible TeV scale. This work investigates extensions of the Standard Model with gravitons and gravitinos (in the context of supergravity). The production of these particles in association with jets is studied as one of the most promising avenues for researching new physics at the LHC. Advanced simulation techniques and tools, such as algorithms allowing the computation of Feynman graphs and helicity amplitudes are first developed and then employed.

The book is based on lectures given at the TASI summer school of 2010. It aims to provide advanced graduate students, postdoctorates and senior researchers with a survey of important topics in particle physics and string theory, with special emphasis on applications of methods from string theory and quantum gravity in condensed matter physics and QCD (especially heavy ion physics).