This textbook introduces methods of geoscientific data acquisition using MATLAB in combination with inexpensive data acquisition hardware such as sensors in smartphones, sensors that come with the LEGO MINDSTORMS set, webcams with stereo microphones, and affordable spectral and thermal cameras. The text includes 35 exercises in data acquisition, such as using a smartphone to acquire stereo images of rock specimens from which to calculate point clouds, using visible and near-infrared spectral cameras to classify the minerals in rocks, using thermal cameras to differentiate between different types of surface such as between soil and vegetation, localizing a sound source using travel time differences between pairs of microphones to localize a sound source, quantifying the total harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise ratio of acoustic and elastic signals, acquiring and streaming meteorological data using application programming interfaces, wireless networks, and internet of things platforms, determining the spatial resolution of ultrasonic and optical sensors, and detecting magnetic anomalies using a smartphone magnetometer mounted on a LEGO MINDSTORMS scanner. The book's electronic supplementary material (available online through Springer Link) contains recipes that include all the MATLAB commands featured in the book, the example data, the LEGO construction plans, photos and videos of the measurement procedures.

This textbook introduces methods of geoscientific data acquisition using MATLAB in combination with inexpensive data acquisition hardware such as sensors in smartphones, sensors that come with the LEGO MINDSTORMS set, webcams with stereo microphones, and affordable spectral and thermal cameras. The text includes 35 exercises in data acquisition, such as using a smartphone to acquire stereo images of rock specimens from which to calculate point clouds, using visible and near-infrared spectral cameras to classify the minerals in rocks, using thermal cameras to differentiate between different types of surface such as between soil and vegetation, localizing a sound source using travel time differences between pairs of microphones to localize a sound source, quantifying the total harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise ratio of acoustic and elastic signals, acquiring and streaming meteorological data using application programming interfaces, wireless networks, and internet of things platforms, determining the spatial resolution of ultrasonic and optical sensors, and detecting magnetic anomalies using a smartphone magnetometer mounted on a LEGO MINDSTORMS scanner. The book’s electronic supplementary material (available online through Springer Link) contains recipes that include all the MATLAB commands featured in the book, the example data, the LEGO construction plans, photos and videos of the measurement procedures.

Being a vital modern technology, satellite systems for navigation, telecommunication, and geosciences have developed rapidly in the last 25 years. Modern satellite technologies have become a base of our civilization and support our day-to-day activity in both practice and geosciences. This book is devoted to GNSS-remote sensing for ionosphere research, modeling and mitigation techniques to diminish the ionosphere and multipath impacts on GNSS, and survey of the modern satellite missions and technologies. We hope that the experts’ opinions presented in the book will be interesting for the research community and students in the area of satellites and space missions as well as in engineering and geoscience research.

This invaluable volume set of Advances in Geosciences continues the excellent tradition of the Asia-Oceania scientific community in providing the most up-to-date research results on a wide range of geosciences and environmental science. This information will be vital to the understanding the effects of climate change, extreme weathers on the most populated region and fastest moving economies in the world. Besides reviews, these volumes contain original papers from many prestigious research institutions which are doing cutting edge study in atmospheric physics, hydrological science and water resource, ocean science and coastal study, planetary exploration and solar system science, seismology, tsunamis, upper atmospheric physics and space science.

This invaluable volume set of Advances in Geosciences continues the excellent tradition of the Asia-Oceania scientific community in providing the most up-to-date research results on a wide range of geosciences and environmental science. The information is vital to the understanding of the effects of climate change, extreme weathers on the most populated regions and fastest moving economies in the world. Besides, these volumes also highlight original papers from many prestigious research institutions which are doing cutting edge study in atmospheric physics, hydrological science and water resource, ocean science and coastal study, planetary exploration and solar system science, seismology, tsunamis, upper atmospheric physics and space science. Contents:Volume 16: Atmospheric Science (AS):Relationship Between Activity of West Pacific Subtropical High and Diabatic Heating During Heavy Rain in South China in June 2005 (L-J Wang et al.)Lunar-Synodic Component in the East Asian Winter Monsoon (C-H Wu & W-S Kau)August Rainfall in Korea and Its Association with Circulations (K-J Ha & K-S Yun)Changma and Shifting Peak in Summer Rainfall of Korea: ENSO Influence (K-J Ha et al.)and other papersVolume 17: Hydrological Science (HS):Raingauge-Based Rainfall Nowcasting with Artificial Neural Network (S-Y Liong & S He)Short-Term Rainfall Forecasting Using a Bayesian Stochastic Rainfall Burst Model (S Srikanthan et al.)A Synoptic Weather Typing Approach to Assess Climate Change Impacts on Meteorological and Hydrological Risks at Local Scale in South-Central Canada (C S-Q Cheng et al.)Outline for Alternative Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Framework Under Uncertainty (G-H Lee et al.)and other papersVolume 18: Ocean Science (OS):Elevated Phytoplankton Biomass in Marginal Seas in the Low Latitude Ocean: A Case Study of the South China Sea (K-K Liu)Numerical Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Using an Air-Sea-Wave Coupled Prediction System (L Xie et al.)Coupled Data Assimilation for ENSO Prediction (D Chen)A Non-Boussinesq Terrain-Following OGCM for Oceanographic and Geodetic Applications (Y T Song et al.)and other papersVolume 19: Planetary Science (PS):A Comparison of the Exospheres of Mercury and the Moon (W-H Ip & Y-C Wang)Charged Particle Acceleration in the Hermean Magnetosphere: The Comparison of Contributions of Different Mechanisms (Z Lev et al.)A Model Study on Observation Modes of MIA/MMO Based on the EM Design (W Miyake & Y Saito)Distributions of K and Th on the Moon: The Initial Results from Observations by Selene GRS (Y Karouji et al.)and other papersVolume 20: Solid Earth (SE):Carbonatites in Phong Tho, Lai Chau Province (NW Vietnam): Their Petrogenesis and Relationship with Cenozoic Potassic Alkaline Magmatism (N T Chi et al.)Non-Destructive Detection of Platinum-Bearing Mineral from Geological Sample by Subtraction Imaging with Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray (T Kogiso et al.)Trace, Rare Earth Element (REE) and Platinum Group Element (PGE) Geochemistry of the Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks from Bundelkhand Craton, Central India (M Satyanarayanan et al.)PGE Exploration Studies in India —h; A Few Initiatives (V Balaram)and other papersVolume 21: Solar Terrestrial (ST):Acceleration and Heating of Solar Wind Ions by Nonlinear Waves (L Ofman)Relation Between Loop-Shaped Interplanetary Disturbances and the Magnetic Flux Rope (M Tokumaru et al.)Solar Wind and CME Studies of the Inner Helisophere Using IPS Data from Stelab, ORT, and EISCAT (M M Bisi et al.)Relationship Between Earth-Directed Solar Eruptions and Magnetic Clouds at 1 AU: A Brief Review (V Yurchyshyn & D Tripathi)and other papers Keywords:Climate;Atmospheric Science;Meteorology;Hydrological;Water Management;Ocean Engineering/Coastal Engineering;Planetary Science;Astrophysics/Astronomy/Cosmology;Solid Earth;Geology;Earth Studies/Earth Science;Solar Terresterial Science

This dictionary includes a number of mathematical, statistical and computing terms and their definitions to assist geoscientists and provide guidance on the methods and terminology encountered in the literature. Each technical term used in the explanations can be found in the dictionary which also includes explanations of basics, such as trigonometric functions and logarithms. There are also citations from the relevant literature to show the term’s first use in mathematics, statistics, etc. and its subsequent usage in geosciences.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a technique that allows non-destructive imaging and quantification of internal features of objects. X-ray CT reveals differences in density and atomic composition and can therefore be used for the study of porosity, the relative distribution of contrasting solid phases and the penetration of injected solutions. In this book, various applications of X-ray CT in the geosciences are illustrated by papers covering a wide range of disciplines, including petrology, soil science, petroleum geology, geomechanics and sedimentology.