Haji Gora Haji, born in 1933 on the island of Tumbatu, Zanzibar, represents a living archive of poetic and philosophical knowledge, which is transformed into verses with a characteristic voice enriched by dialectal features (from Tumbatu and Unguja). As a recognition of his life-long commitment to Swahili language and literature, the editors, Flavia Aiello and Irene Brunotti, with Nathalie Arnold Koenings for translation, decided to work hard on conceiving a publishing project of Shuwari, his poetical anthology or diwani, fashioned as a bilingual Swahili-English edition which, along with the poems, could offer some analytical insights into Haji Gora Haji's artistry.

This book presents a snapshot of a major challenge, and shares subjective views on various areas of conflict in Africa and the diverse – theoretical and practical – efforts to achieve peace. Following an essential review of several real-world conflict contexts on the African continent and attempts to come to terms with them critically as a first step, the book explores the lessons learned to date with regard to peace studies in Africa.

Over the past 35 years urban sociolinguistics has developed upon the base of detailed case studies carried out mainly in western countries. A fundamental dichotomy informing the interpretation of variation has been carried out within what is termed the “standard-vernacular model”. Higher vs. lower social class, power vs. solidarity, open networks vs. closed networks are a few of the conceptual dyads which have been invoked to order linguistic variation operating with an input from a standard/vernacular source. The present study, based on the spoken Arabic of Maiduguri, Nigeria, focuses on a linguistic landscape where the notions of “standard” and “vernacular” are of little relevance in ordering urban linguistic variants. It is argued that linguistic variation is best conceptualized and ordered in terms of the twin variables of neighborhood and ancestral norms. A detailed analysis of 13 linguistic variables based on a corpus of about 500,000 words invokes an urban linguistic world different from that in the West. To integrate this landscape into current sociolinguistic thinking a typology of urban variation is outlined using familar, yet relatively unutilized sociolinguistic parameters: neighborhood, ancestry, minority status and institutionalization.