This book presents current knowledge of seed fate in both natural and human-disturbed landscapes, from various regions of the world. Habitats considered range from mountain and arid deserts in the temperate zone, to savanna and lowland rainforests in tropical regions of the world. Particular attention is paid to plant diversity conservation when seed removal is affected by factors such as hunting, habitat fragmentation or intensive logging. Contributors include leading scientists involved in research on seed ecology and on animal-plant relationships from the perspective of both primary and secondary seed dispersal, and predation.

Whitebark pine is a critical component of subalpine ecosystems in western North America, where it contributes to biodiversity and ecosystem function and in some communities is considered a keystone species. Whitebark pine is undergoing rangewide population declines attributed to the combined effects of mountain pine beetle, white pine blister rust, and fire suppression. The restoration and maintenance of whitebark pine populations require an understanding of all aspects of seed fate. In this paper, we review the literature on seed dispersal in whitebark pine. Clark's nutcracker, pine squirrels, and scatter-hoarding rodents are all known to influence whitebark pine seed fate and ultimately affect the ability of whitebark pine populations to regenerate. We also provide a general overview of the natural histories of the most influential species involved with whitebark pine seed fate: Clark's nutcracker and the pine squirrel.

This book presents current knowledge of seed fate, in both natural and human-disturbed landscapes, from various regions of the world. Habitats considered range from mountains and arid deserts in the temperate zone, to savannas and lowland rain forests in tropical regions. Particular attention is paid to plant diversity conservation when seed removal is affected by factors such as hunting, habitat fragmentation or intensive logging.

This book is based on the ICAR syllabus of Seed Science and Technology. It comprises of two major parts: 1. Seed Science and Technology and 2. Advances in Seed Science and Technology. The pat 1 consists of eight units of Seed Science and Technology like seed biology, seed production, seed processing, seed quality control, seed storage, seed health, seed industry development and marketing and protection of plant varieties. The part 2 involves the advances in Seed Science and Technology on seed physiology and biochemistry. In this, the units such as seed development and maturation, seed dormancy and germination, and seed deterioration are included.

The Guiana Shield is an ancient geological formation located in the northern part of South America, covering an area of one million square kilometres. Despite its hostile environment, it is home to many unusual and highly specialized plants and animals, which constitute a rich area of biodiversity. Chapters in this book include hydrology, nutrient cycling, forest phenology, insect-plant interactions, forest microclimate, plant distributions, forest dynamics and conservation and management of flora and fauna. It provides a comprehensive and detailed review of the ecology, biology and natural history of the forests of the area.

Was verstanden Stoiker unter einer polis und Staatlichkeit? Was passiert, wenn ihre Ideen unter wechselnden historischen Bedingungen gelebt und neu gedacht werden? The Stoics and the State verfolgt diese Fragen mit detaillierter, philologischer Quellenkritik, präziser Konzeptanalyse sowie weit ausholender thematischer und diachronischer Kontextualisierung. Der systematische Teil behandelt Definitionen, Aspekte der Staatlichkeit (Staatsgebiet, Institutionen, Volk und Staatsidee) und das für den stoischen Staat konstitutive Gemeinsame Gesetz. Die diachronische Darstellung von Zeno bis Marcus Aurelius zeigt die Anwendung der Theorie auf real existierende Gemeinwesen: ihre Bewertung, ihre Entstehung und die politische Praxis. Beispiele moderner Rezeption von Justus Lipsius bis Martha C. Nussbaum verdeutlichen die Eigenheiten der stoischen Staatstheorie, nicht zuletzt ihre Grundlegung in einem Menschbild, das unsere Natur nicht nur als politisch sondern als sozial und wohltätig begreift.