This timely Research Handbook contains an analysis of various legal questions concerning cyberspace and cyber activities and provides a critical account of their effectiveness. Expert contributors examine the application of fundamental international la

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the international law applicable to cyber operations. It is grounded in international law, but is also of interest for non-legal researchers, notably in political science and computer science. Outside academia, it will appeal to legal advisors, policymakers, and military organisations.

What is the relationship between politics and international law? Inspired by comparative politics and socio-legal studies, this Research Handbook develops a novel framework for comparative analysis of politics and international law at different stages of governance and in different governance systems. It applies the framework in a wide range of fields—from human rights and environmental standards, to cyber conflict and intellectual property—to show how the relationship between politics and international law varies depending on the sites where it unfolds.

The Routledge Handbook of International Cybersecurity examines the development and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) from the perspective of international peace and security. Acknowledging that the very notion of peace and security has become more complex, the volume seeks to determine which questions of cybersecurity are indeed of relevance for international peace and security and which, while requiring international attention, are simply issues of contemporary governance or development. The Handbook offers a variety of thematic, regional and disciplinary perspectives on the question of international cybersecurity, and the chapters contextualize cybersecurity in the broader contestation over the world order, international law, conflict, human rights, governance and development. The volume is split into four thematic sections: Concepts and frameworks; Challenges to secure and peaceful cyberspace; National and regional perspectives on cybersecurity; Global approaches to cybersecurity. This book will be of much interest to students of cybersecurity, computer science, sociology, international law, defence studies and International Relations in general. Chapter 30 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The advent of cyberspace has led to a dramatic increase in state-sponsored political and economic espionage. This monograph argues that these practices represent a threat to the maintenance of international peace and security and assesses the extent to which international law regulates this conduct. The traditional view among international legal scholars is that, in the absence of direct and specific international law on the topic of espionage, cyber espionage constitutes an extra-legal activity that is unconstrained by international law. This monograph challenges that assumption and reveals that there are general principles of international law as well as specialised international legal regimes that indirectly regulate cyber espionage. In terms of general principles of international law, this monograph explores how the rules of territorial sovereignty, non-intervention and the non-use of force apply to cyber espionage. In relation to specialised regimes, this monograph investigates the role of diplomatic and consular law, international human rights law and the law of the World Trade Organization in addressing cyber espionage. This monograph also examines whether developments in customary international law have carved out espionage exceptions to those international legal rules that otherwise prohibit cyber espionage as well as considering whether the doctrines of self-defence and necessity can be invoked to justify cyber espionage. Notwithstanding the applicability of international law, this monograph concludes that policymakers should nevertheless devise an international law of espionage which, as lex specialis, contains rules that are specifically designed to confront the growing threat posed by cyber espionage.

The advancement of information and communication technology has led to a multi-dimensional impact in the areas of law, regulation, and governance. Many countries have declared data protection a fundamental right and established reforms of data protection law aimed at modernizing the global regulatory framework. Due to these advancements in policy, the legal domain has to face many challenges at a rapid pace making it essential to study and discuss policies and laws that regulate and monitor these activities and anticipate new laws that should be implemented in order to protect users. The Handbook of Research on Cyber Law, Data Protection, and Privacy focuses acutely on the complex relationships of technology and law both in terms of substantive legal responses to legal, social, and ethical issues arising in connection with growing public engagement with technology and the procedural impacts and transformative potential of technology on traditional and emerging forms of dispute resolution. Covering a range of topics such as artificial intelligence, data protection, and social media, this major reference work is ideal for government officials, policymakers, industry professionals, academicians, scholars, researchers, practitioners, instructors, and students.

In our hyper-connected digital world, cybercrime prevails as a major threat to online security and safety. New developments in digital forensics tools and an understanding of current criminal activities can greatly assist in minimizing attacks on individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. The Handbook of Research on Digital Crime, Cyberspace Security, and Information Assurance combines the most recent developments in data protection and information communication technology (ICT) law with research surrounding current criminal behaviors in the digital sphere. Bridging research and practical application, this comprehensive reference source is ideally designed for use by investigators, computer forensics practitioners, and experts in ICT law, as well as academicians in the fields of information security and criminal science.