The literature about postsecondary education in British Columbia has largely focused on public colleges and universities, while paying less attention to vocational colleges, apprenticeship, continuing education, and private institutions. Robert Cowin addresses that gap. He provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the contemporary provincial postsecondary system and examines the role of social justice, human capital formation, and marketization during five significant transitions. This dynamic approach provides a thoughtful critical analysis of the development of the institutional arrangements - the distribution of institutions by size, mission, type, and location - and policies that have shaped education in the province.

The literature about postsecondary education in British Columbia has largely focused on public colleges and universities, while paying less attention to vocational colleges, apprenticeship, continuing education, and private institutions. Robert Cowin addresses that gap. He provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the contemporary provincial postsecondary system and examines the role of social justice, human capital formation, and marketization during five significant transitions. This dynamic approach provides a thoughtful critical analysis of the development of the institutional arrangements – the distribution of institutions by size, mission, type, and location – and policies that have shaped education in the province.

This paper focuses on the private career college sector in British Columbia, which has sometimes attracted controversy. Some institutions have been perceived as providing high quality education and as good corporate citizens, while a few have been seen as rogue operators that tarnish the reputation of the entire sector. The circumstances under which students receive government financial aid, and the causes of high default rates, have periodically prompted articles in the popular press. In the past two decades, debate has occurred as to the need for various types of regulation for English as a Second Language schools and the protection of British Columbia's reputation in the international education market.

Significant public investment and increased access to higher education lead to economic development - governments across the political and ideological spectrum believe this and have designed and implemented policy based on this understanding. The Development of Postsecondary Education Systems in Canada examines how these policies affect the structure and performance of postsecondary education. This comprehensive study compares the evolution and outcomes of higher education policy in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec over the past three decades. The authors begin with an understanding that in order to explain the role of postsecondary education in society, they must locate systemic change. Drawing on documentary analysis and interviews, the focus is on how policy priorities are reflected in "system" behaviours: performance, funding arrangements, design, and structural components. Current theories about the liberal-democratic state, academic capitalism, and marketization inform discussions of the changing role of higher education in a globalized knowledge society. The book presents policy and education as a multidimensional exchange between the postsecondary community, policy makers, and the behaviour and performance of educational systems and concludes that higher education is a key actor in the restructuring of the state. The Development of Postsecondary Education Systems in Canada shows how higher education policy has been driven by a changing political and economic imperative and examines the contradictions and unintended consequences of education policy. Contributors include Jean Bernatchez (Université du Québec à Rimouski), Robert Clift (PhD candidate, University of British Columbia), Donald Fisher (University of British Columbia), Glen A. Jones (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto), Jacy Lee (McMaster University), Madeleine MacIvor (University of British Columbia), John Meredith (independent consultant), Kjell Rubenson (University of British Columbia), Theresa Shanahan (York University), and Claude Trottier (emeritus, Université Laval).

Who has access to higher education today? At what financial and personal cost? Based on what conditions and criteria? How do students describe and interpret their experiences? And how can institutions facilitate and constrain successful participation and completion? These research studies extend current understandings of what it is to be a student in higher education by embracing the dynamic relationship between students as agents and institutions as living structures which impact on their lives. Focusing on the diverse experiences of today's non-traditional and traditional students, researchers explore how and why institutional rhetoric of inclusion, engagement, gender, and access may or may not be reflected in the reality of students' experiences. Student Affairs moves from theory to application by suggesting realistic strategies for addressing the challenges surrounding the interrelation of students and institutions. Each essay analyzes issues of access and participation in programs ranging from community college development studies to graduate studies. As a whole, this collection is a testament to how much institutional change has occurred in the social organization of postsecondary education, and how much more change is required to meet the challenge of equitable access and inclusion.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge assistance received in the compilation of relevant statistical and analytical information from the Confederation of University Faculty Associations of BC, the Federation of Post-Secondary Educators of BC (formerly the College Institute Educators' Association), the Canadian Federation of Students, and the Canadian Association of University Teac [...] The content, opinions and any errors in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CCPA. [...] It considers two aspects of operating funding: the amount of operating funding for students that are in the system; and the amount required to support greater capacity (the number of seats in the system). [...] Next, we review the data on provincial grants to post-secondary institutions, accounting for changes in the number of seats in the post-secondary system and for inflation. [...] With regard to public financing of the post-secondary system, we are interested in both the amount of funding for students in the system, and, because there are far fewer seats than potential students, the amount of funding that goes toward increasing capacity, or the number of seats in the system.