Over 400 years ago, Swiss alchemist and physician Paracelsus (1493-1541) cited: "All substances are poisons; there is none that is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy." This is often condensed to: "The dose makes the poison." So, why are we overtly anxious about intoxications?In fact, poisons became a global problem with the industrial revolution. Pesticides, asbestos, occupational chemicals, air pollution, and heavy metal toxicity maintain high priority worldwide, especially in developing countries. Children between 0 and 5 years old are the most vulnerable to both acute and chronic poisonings, while older adults suffer from the chronic effects of chemicals. This book aims to raise awareness about the challenges of poisons, to help clinicians understand current issues in toxicology.

Over 400 years ago, Swiss alchemist and physician Paracelsus (1493-1541) cited: ""All substances are poisons; there is none that is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy."" This is often condensed to: ""The dose makes the poison."" So, why are we overtly anxious about intoxications?In fact, poisons became a global problem with the industrial revolution. Pesticides, asbestos, occupational chemicals, air pollution, and heavy metal toxicity maintain high priority worldwide, especially in developing countries. Children between 0 and 5 years old are the most vulnerable to both acute and chronic poisonings, while older adults suffer from the chronic effects of chemicals. This book aims to raise awareness about the challenges of poisons, to help clinicians understand current issues in toxicology.

Due to the increasing trend of international interest in education for climate change and the environment, there has been an increase of research in the area. There is a current question on what the best methods and tools are for integrating climate change education and sustainability into school programs. These educational methods can create the development of effective responses, attitudes, and behaviors to adapt to climate change. Empirical and conceptual models must be explored to help those interested in learning and teaching environmental education and climate change and adding it to modern school curriculum. The Handbook of Research on Environmental Education Strategies for Addressing Climate Change and Sustainability produces innovative approaches, methods, and ideas in education for climate change, environment strategies, and sustainability along with the development of curriculum and strategies for sustainable development goals. The chapters encompass multiple disciplines such as geology, geography, remote sensing, geographic information systems, environmental science, and environmental engineering. This book is ideal for in-service and preservice teachers, administrators, teacher educators, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in educational strategies and curriculum for climate change and sustainability.

This book is a compilation of scientific knowledge regarding the clinical entity known as “Renal Tubular Acidosis in Children” (RTA). It contains the information needed to comprehend the intricate mechanisms of acid-base metabolism, electrolyte imbalance, and complications related to renal tubular acidosis in the pediatric age group, since the acid-base physiology and the clinical disorders associated with it in children are quite different from the adult counterpart. The chapters, written by authors, experts in the field, describe systemic and renal physiology, electrolyte alterations, as well as the pathogenesis and chromosomal mutations leading to the development of RTA. The reader will find the latest information on diagnostic tools and learn how to approach diagnosis, avoiding improper treatment, rickets, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure. In addition, new insights on classification, the clinical presentation of each type of RTA, molecular biology, and transmembrane protein transporters are covered. This work is primarily directed at pediatric nephrologists and pediatricians. Nevertheless, general practitioners, medical students, residents and fellows at different medical training programs, and other health care professionals of nutrition, growth and development, gastroenterology and endocrinology may surely benefit from it.

Heavy Metals in the Environment: Impact, Assessment, and Remediation synthesizes both fundamental concepts of heavy metal pollutants and state-of-the-art techniques and technologies for assessment and remediation. The book discusses the sources, origin and health risk assessment of heavy metals as well as the application of GIS, remote sensing and multivariate techniques in the assessment of heavy metals. The various contamination indices like contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, and pollution index ecological risk index are also included to provide further context on the state of heavy metals in the environment. Covering a variety of approaches, techniques, and scenarios, this book is a key resource for environmental scientists and policymakers working to address environmental pollutants. Covers state-of-the-art techniques for the assessment and remediation of heavy metals Presents the interdisciplinary impacts of heavy metals, including human health, ecosystems and water quality Includes various contamination indices, such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution index and ecological risk index