This volume explores multiscale methods as applied to various areas of physics and to the relative developments in mathematics. In the last few years, multiscale methods have lead to spectacular progress in our understanding of complex physical systems and have stimulated the development of very refined mathematical techniques. At the same time on the experimental side, equally spectacular progress has been made in developing experimental machinery and techniques to test the foundations of quantum mechanics.

This volume presents a systematic and mathematically accurate description and derivation of transport equations in solid state physics, in particular semiconductor devices.

The authors study a class of periodic Schrodinger operators, which in distinguished cases can be proved to have linear band-crossings or ``Dirac points''. They then show that the introduction of an ``edge'', via adiabatic modulation of these periodic potentials by a domain wall, results in the bifurcation of spatially localized ``edge states''. These bound states are associated with the topologically protected zero-energy mode of an asymptotic one-dimensional Dirac operator. The authors' model captures many aspects of the phenomenon of topologically protected edge states for two-dimensional bulk structures such as the honeycomb structure of graphene. The states the authors construct can be realized as highly robust TM-electromagnetic modes for a class of photonic waveguides with a phase-defect.

Substantial effort has been drawn for years onto the development of (possibly high-order) numerical techniques for the scalar homogeneous conservation law, an equation which is strongly dissipative in L1 thanks to shock wave formation. Such a dissipation property is generally lost when considering hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, or simply inhomogeneous scalar balance laws involving accretive or space-dependent source terms, because of complex wave interactions. An overall weaker dissipation can reveal intrinsic numerical weaknesses through specific nonlinear mechanisms: Hugoniot curves being deformed by local averaging steps in Godunov-type schemes, low-order errors propagating along expanding characteristics after having hit a discontinuity, exponential amplification of truncation errors in the presence of accretive source terms... This book aims at presenting rigorous derivations of different, sometimes called well-balanced, numerical schemes which succeed in reconciling high accuracy with a stronger robustness even in the aforementioned accretive contexts. It is divided into two parts: one dealing with hyperbolic systems of balance laws, such as arising from quasi-one dimensional nozzle flow computations, multiphase WKB approximation of linear Schrödinger equations, or gravitational Navier-Stokes systems. Stability results for viscosity solutions of onedimensional balance laws are sketched. The other being entirely devoted to the treatment of weakly nonlinear kinetic equations in the discrete ordinate approximation, such as the ones of radiative transfer, chemotaxis dynamics, semiconductor conduction, spray dynamics or linearized Boltzmann models. “Caseology” is one of the main techniques used in these derivations. Lagrangian techniques for filtration equations are evoked too. Two-dimensional methods are studied in the context of non-degenerate semiconductor models.

The object of this collection of peer-reviewed papers is to provide a forum for the discussion of new developments, recent progress and innovations in the design and implementation of MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems-on-Chip. It addresses all aspects of the design methodology of such systems, with the emphasis on current and future challenges in research and development in both academia and industry. The 983 papers are grouped into 22 chapters: Materials Behavior, Casting and Solidification, Surface, Subsurface and Interface Phenomena, Coatings and Surface Engineering, Composite Materials, Materials Forming, Machining, Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing, Biomedical Manufacturing, Environmentally Sustainable Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Manufacturing Process Planning and Scheduling, Meso/Micro-Manufacturing Equipment and Processes, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Manufacturing Processes, Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing and Engineering, Semiconductor Materials Manufacturing, Laser-Based Manufacturing, Precision Molding Processes, Rapid Manufacturing Technologies, Nontraditional Manufacturing, Nanofabrication, Nanometrology and Applications, Metrology and Measurement, and Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Control. The huge volume of information makes this a veritable encyclopedia of the subject matter. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).

Hyperbolic and kinetic equations arise in a large variety of industrial problems. For this reason, the Summer Mathematical Research Center on Scientific Computing and its Applications (CEMRACS), held at the Center of International Research in Mathematics (CIRM) in Luminy, was devoted to this topic. During a six-week period, junior and senior researchers worked full time on several projects proposed by industry and academia. Most of this work was completed later on, and the present book reflects these results. The articles address modelling issues as well as the development and comparisons of numerical methods in different situations. The applications include multi-phase flows, plasma physics, quantum particle dynamics, radiative transfer, sprays, and aeroacoustics. The text is aimed at researchers and engineers interested in applications arising from modelling and numerical simulation of hyperbolic and kinetic problems.