This special issue entitled “Soft and hard tissue regeneration” will cover both periodontal and implant therapies. Regenerative periodontal treatment goal is to restore functional periodontal support offering a valuable treatment alternative even for teeth with large periodontal destruction, which may be successfully treated and maintained in health for long periods. In most cases where teeth are extracted for periodontal reasons, implant therapy will demand large bone augmentation procedures. Lack of sufficient bone volume may prevent placement of dental implants. In extreme cases, large bone reconstruction is indispensable before implant placement can be performed. Although, most bone grafts are only able to fill and maintain a space, where bone regeneration can occur (“osseoconductive”), the ideal bone graft will also promote osseous regeneration (“osseoinductive”). Several bone augmentation procedures have been described, each, presenting advantages and shortcomings. Success of bone augmentation procedures depends on the presence of bone forming cells, primary wound closure over the augmented area, space creation and maintenance where bone can grow and proper angiogenesis of the grafted area. Factors that influence the choice of the surgical technique are the estimated duration of surgical procedure, its complexity, cost, total estimated length of procedure until the final rehabilitations may be installed and the surgeons’ experience. This special issue will have a definite clinical orientation, and be entirely dedicated to soft and hard tissue regenerative treatment alternatives, both in periodontal and implant therapy, discussing their rationale, indications and clinical procedures. Internationally renowned leading researchers and clinicians will contribute with articles in their field of expertize.

Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies presents a thorough update on the current advances, methods and understanding in tissue engineering in dentistry. It offers invaluable tools, case studies, and methodologies for undertaking research, including important biological and practical considerations to facilitate successful migration of research from the bench to the clinic. Offers detailed coverage of the basic underlying principles and scientific evidence, and includes protocols to highlight practical applications Written by an internationally renowned team of expert contributors A must-have read for researchers and specialist clinicians in tissue engineering, oral biology, dental materials science, periodontology and oral surgery

Sequential and reciprocal interactions between oral epithelial and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells give rise to the teeth and periodontium. Teeth are vital organs containing a rich number of blood vessels and nerve fibers within the dental pulp and periodontium. Teeth are composed by unique and specific collagenous (dentin, fibrillar cementum) and non-collagenous (enamel) highly mineralized extracellular matrices. Alveolar bone is another collagenous hard tissue that supports tooth stability and function through its close interaction with the periodontal ligament. Dental hard tissues are often damaged after infection or traumatic injuries that lead to the partial or complete destruction of the functional dental and supportive tissues. Well-established protocols are routinely used in dental clinics for the restoration or replacement of the damaged tooth and alveolar bone areas. Recent progress in the fields of cell biology, tissue engineering, and nanotechnology offers promising opportunities to repair damaged or missing dental tissues. Indeed, pulp and periodontal tissue regeneration is progressing rapidly with the application of stem cells, biodegradable scaffolds, and growth factors. Furthermore, methods that enable partial dental hard tissue repair and regeneration are being evaluated with variable degrees of success. However, these cell-based therapies are still incipient and many issues need to be addressed before any clinical application. The understanding of tooth and periodontal tissues formation would be beneficial for improving regenerative attempts in dental clinics. In the present e-book we have covered the various aspects dealing with dental and periodontal tissues physiology and regeneration in 6 chapters: 1. General principles on the use of stem cells for regenerating craniofacial and dental tissues 2. The roles of nerves, vessels and stem cell niches in tissue regeneration 3. Dental pulp regeneration and mechanisms of various odontoblast functions 4. Dental root and periodontal physiology, pathology and regeneration 5. Physiology and regeneration of the bone using various scaffolds and stem cell populations 6. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of enamel using dental epithelial stem cells

This issue of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America focuses on Emerging Biomaterials in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and is edited by Dr. Alan Herford. Articles will include: Basic Principles of Bioengineering and Regeneration; Soft Tissue Regeneration Incorporating 3D Biomimetic Scaffolds; Advances in Orofacial Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration; Tissue Engineering for Vertical Ridge Reconstruction; Integrating Biomaterials in Trauma; Tissue Engineered Pre-vascularized Bone and Soft Tissue Flaps; Application of Biomaterials for Implant Therapy; Maxillofacial Defects and Use of Growth Factors; New Frontiers in Biomaterials; Soft Tissue Engineering; and much more!

Literature Review from the year 2016 in the subject Biology - Miscellaneous, grade: 1, , course: MASTERS OF DENTAL SURGERY, language: English, abstract: Tissue engineering applies the principles of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering for the development of substitutes that replace, repair or enhance the biological function of diseased and damaged human body parts, by manipulating cells via their extracellular microenvironment. This three dimensional extracellular architecture ("scaffold") can be fabricated in the shape of the tissue we want to restore, with the help of either polymer hydrogel, self-assembly, non- woven matrix, nano-fibrous electrospun matrices, 3D weaving, or any other textile technology-based techniques, depending upon their structural and functional requirements. This concept in periodontics began with guided tissue regeneration, a mechanical approach utilizing non-resorbable membranes to regenerate periodontal defects. In dental implantology, guided bone regeneration membranes, with or without mechanical support, are used for bone augmentation.