Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Volga River, Russia, 24-28 May 2001

High-pressure science has undergone a revolution in the last 15 years. The development of intense new x-ray and neutron sources, improved detectors, new instrumentation, greatly increased computation power, and advanced computational algorithms have enabled researchers to determine the behavior of matter at static pressures in excess of 400 GPa. Shock-wave techniques have allowed access to the experimental pressure-temperature range beyond 1 TPa and 10,000 K. High-Pressure Physics introduces the current state of the art in this field. Based on lectures presented by leading researchers at the 63rd Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, the book summarizes the latest experimental and theoretical techniques. Highlighting applications in a range of physics disciplines—from novel materials synthesis to planetary interiors—this book cuts across many areas and supplies a solid grounding in high-pressure physics. Chapters cover a wide array of topics and techniques, including: High-pressure devices The design of pressure cells Electrical transport experiments The fabrication process for customizing diamond anvils Equations of state (EOS) for solids in a range of pressures and temperatures Crystallography, optical spectroscopy, and inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) techniques Magnetism in solids The internal structure of Earth and other planets Measurement and control of temperature in high-pressure experiments Solid state chemistry and materials research at high pressure Liquids and glasses The study of hydrogen at high density A resource for graduate students and young researchers, this accessible reference provides an overview of key research areas and applications in high-pressure physics.

This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.

The Advances in Chemical Physics series the cutting edge of research in chemical physics The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series presents contributions from internationally renowned chemists and serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics. This volume explores: Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Supercooled Water Water-like Anomalies of Core-Softened Fluids: Dependence on the Trajectories in (P, ρ, T) Space Water Proton Environment: A New Water Anomaly at Atomic Scale? Polymorphism and Anomalous Melting in Isotropic Fluids Computer Simulations of Liquid Silica: Water-Like Thermodynamic and Dynamic Anomalies, and the Evidence for Polyamorphism

This book gathers selected papers that were submitted to the 2021 International Conference on Comprehensible Science (ICCS 2021) that aims to make available the discussion and the publication of papers on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research on conference topics. ICCS 2021 held on June 18–19, 2021. An important characteristic feature of conference is the short publication time and worldwide distribution. Written by respected researchers, the book covers a range of innovative topics related to: artificial intelligence research; big data and data mining; blockchain and cryptocurrency; business, finance and accounting and statistics; cyber security systems; ecology systems; educational technologies; engineering and technology; innovative economics; media technologies; medicine, public health and rehabilitation; nutrition and diet researches; physical and material sciences; and smart cities and contracts. This book may be used for private and professional non-commercial research and classroom use (e.g., sharing the contribution by mail or in hard copy form with research colleagues for their professional non-commercial research and classroom use); for use in presentations or handouts for any level students, researchers, etc.; and for the further development of authors’ scientific career (e.g., by citing and attaching contributions to job or grant application).