This book provides an overview on physical realizations of quantum computing by means of molecular systems. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers interested in quantum computing from different areas of physics, physical chemistry, informatics and computer science. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner and hence can be accessible for researchers and graduate students with even less background in the topics.

This book provides an overview on physical realizations of quantum computing by means of molecular systems. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers interested in quantum computing from different areas of physics, physical chemistry, informatics and computer science. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner and hence can be accessible for researchers and graduate students with even less background in the topics.

The open research center project "Interdisciplinary fundamental research toward realization of a quantum computer" has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Japan for five years. This is a collection of the research outcomes by the members engaged in the project. To make the presentation self-contained, it starts with an overview by Mikio Nakahara, which serves as a concise introduction to quantum information and quantum computing. Subsequent contributions include subjects from physics, chemistry, mathematics, and information science, reflecting upon the wide variety of scientists working under this project. These contributions introduce NMR quantum computing and related techniques, number theory and coding theory, quantum error correction, photosynthesis, non-classical correlations and entanglement, neutral atom quantum computer, among others. Each of the contributions will serve as a short introduction to these cutting edge research fields.

This book is a collection of lecture notes from the Symposium on Quantum Computing, Thermodynamics, and Statistical Physics, held at Kinki University in March 2012. Quantum information theory has a deep connection with statistical physics and thermodynamics. This volume introduces some of the topics on interface among the mentioned fields. Subjects included in the lecture notes include quantum annealing method, nonequilibrium thermodynamics and spin glass theory, among others. These subjects were presented with much emphasis put in its relevance in quantum information theory. These lecture notes are prepared in a self-contained manner so that a reader with modest background may understand the subjects.

This book is a collection of lecture notes and contributions in "Summer School on Diversities in Quantum Computation/Information" held on 1-5 August, 2010 at U-Community Hotel, Higashi-Osaka, Japan. Lecturers are world class authorities in respective areas in quantum information and quantum computing including physics, mathematics, chemistry and information science. They lectured on cutting-edge research frontiers where they are currently working, including quantum error correction, relativistic quantum information, quantum computing of link polynomials, quantum algorithms, etc. Each lecture note is written in a self-contained manner so that it may be used as a textbook for one semester graduate course or advanced undergraduate course. Contributions report current research subjects also in a self-contained manner. We believe that these articles are accessible to the readers form various disciplines.

The contributors of this volume are working at the forefront of various realizations of quantum computers. They survey the recent developments in each realization, in the context of the DiVincenzo criteria, including nuclear magnetic resonance, Josephson junctions, quantum dots, and trapped ions. There are also some theoretical contributions which have relevance in the physical realizations of a quantum computer. This book fills the gap between elementary introductions to the subject and highly specialized research papers to allow beginning graduate students to understand the cutting-edge of research in the shortest possible time. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: DiVincenzo Criteria and Beyond (537 KB). Contents: DiVincenzo Criteria and Beyond (M M Salomaa & M Nakahara); Single-Electron Charge and Spin Qubit in Semiconductor Quantum Dots (T Fujisawa); Superconducting Quantum Computing: Status and Prospects (F K Wilhelm & K Semba); Controlling Three Atomic Qubits (H Hnffer et al.); Liquid-State NMR Quantum Computer: Hamiltonian Formalism and Experiments (Y Kondo et al.); Optical Quantum Computation (K Nemoto & W J Munro). Readership: Graduates students and researchers in physics."