There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

This book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.

Analysis of Flame Retardancy in Polymer Science is a scientific/practical book that is conceptualized, designed, and written for students, early-career researchers, and junior engineers to explain the basic principles of fire analysis/characterization methods/methodologies, from flammability, ignition, and fire spread to forced convection and related analyses and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying flame retardancy in both gas and condensed phases followed by correlation between laboratory- and real-scale fire analyses as well as fire analysis from an industrial standpoint. This book is also an indispensable resource for identifying and mounting the latest achievements in fire analysis/characterization methods to frame the effects of fire evaluation strategies to be utilized for research and development. The book also gives a broad description of fire analysis related to different standards and regulations for different applications in different geographic zones. Includes the background, fundamental, and modern features of techniques of characterization of fire and flame behavior Provides an overview of the major techniques used in fire analysis of flame-retardant polymers Characterizes different types of materials at small, bench, and real-life scale Offers a comprehensive overview of fire behavior and testing and associated toxicity issues Integrates the scientific, technical, standard, regulation, and industrial aspects of fire analysis into a book for future developments in the field

The negative environmental impact of some industrial flame retardants containing halogens, heavy metals, etc. has kindled the investigation into new opportunities of polymer flame retardation with a view to ecological protection. This new title deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. The book opens with an introduction, describing the ecological concern of flame retardation applications. This is followed by some general concepts of polymer combustion. Subsequent chapters deal with the most important methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants. The final chapter contains suggestions for and studies of new, ecologically friendly types of flame retardants, such as low melting glass systems, polymer nanocomposites, polymer blends, organic char formers, and silicon-inorganic systems.

Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials

This book presents recent research in chemical and biochemical physics. Chemical physics addresses a large range of problems. An effective chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades", able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. Biochemical physics is a science that joins the three natural sciences (biology, chemistry and physics) into one comprehensive study. N.M. Emanuel pioneered this science over fifty years ago. This book brings together papers written by Emanuel's students, which reveal recent developments in this interesting field.