Standards. We apply them, uphold them, or fail to meet them. But how do they get made? The Social Life of Standards reveals how these political and technical tools for organizing society are developed, subverted, contested, and reassembled by local communities interacting with standards created by others. Using ethnographic approaches, contributors investigate biomedical, agricultural, and other contexts that reveal the mismatch between the inconsistent implementation of standards in the real world and the non-negotiable criteria presupposed by external forces. These cases support a reflexive process that involves local engagement at every stage in the production and application of standards.

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Robert Stake explores the many conceptual choices an evaluator needs to make, from attention to stakeholders, to weighing ethical tasks, to writing a useful report.

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Excerpt from Methods and Standards for Local School Surveys We have been hopeful that the sciences of biology, sociology, and economics would eventually solve the problems of education. That the work done in these fields is essential to the development of a scientific standard in education cannot be questioned, and no one is fully equipped to undertake investigation in the latter field without preliminary training in these funda mental sciences. Nevertheless, except for the fact that such competent investigators have attacked the problems directly rather than through the work of the biologist, psychologist, sociologist, or economist, our progress must have been slow indeed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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