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Excerpt from Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Vol. 11: March 28, 1918 This discussion on local failure brings up the question of secondary bracing. Certain girders and stringers require brackets in order to prevent collapse from oblique loading it is not an easy matter for-any form of calculation, but a close study of actual experience should produce rules for general guidance. Construction of double bottom - Even the most enlightened naval architects appear 'to have only hazy ideas concerning the structural work performed by the complicated double bottom, which is now a common feature in merchant ships. The more general practice is to dispose the internal framing in the transverse direction, retain ing a very small amount of longitudinal material mainly for local support. These longitudinal intercostal members also fulfil some function as secondary bracing, but the nature of the work performed is very obscure. It is, of course, true that facility of erection has favoured transverse framing but here, again, if economy of weight is required, Search must be made for a distribution which is more in the longitudinal sense than the present practice. Some well known efforts have already been made towards this aim, but the final solution has yet to be sought. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from List of References on Shipping and Shipbuilding For the United States one of the most important results of the war is the revival of American shipping. The belief that this revival is but the beginning of a new era is pretty generally expressed by most recent writers on the subject, this opinion being largely based on the enormous expansion of our shipbuilding industry. At no time has there been so much inquiry concerning the two closely related topics of shipping and shipbuilding, and it is the purpose of this list to indicate the material in the Library of Congress on these subjects. The list is divided into two parts along the lines indicated above, Shipping and Shipbuilding. Under the former heading are included references on the history of shipping, on American shipping in general, and the operations of the United States Shipping Board. It also includes such closely related incidental subjects as freight rates, dues and port charges, bills of lading, insurance, marine sanitation, cargoes, and accounting. Under the heading Shipbuilding are embraced the history and general subject, and references on special kinds of ships - wooden, concrete, iron and steel, and unsinkable ships (submarines are omitted) - and special subjects of general interest, such as standardization, accounting, etc., and finally shipyards and employees and the labor problem. An analytical index at the end affords a key to the minuter phases of the subjects covered by the list. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.