Prior to Pietsch's (1993) revision of the genus Triglops, identification of their larvae was difficult; six species cooccur in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and three co-occur in the western North Atlantic Ocean. We examined larvae from collections of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and Atlantic Reference Centre and used updated meristic data, pigment patterns, and morphological characters to identify larvae of Triglops forficatus, T. macellus, T. murrayi, T. nybelini, T. pingeli, and T. scepticus; larvae of T. metopias, T. dorothy, T. jordani, and T. xenostethus have yet to be identified and are thus not included in this paper. Larval Triglops are characterized by a high myomere count (42-54), heavy dorsolateral pigmentation on the gut, and a pointed snout. Among species co-occurring in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, T. forficatus, T. macellus, and T. pingeli larvae are distinguished from each other by meristic counts and presence or absence of a series of postanal ventral melanophores. Triglops scepticus is differentiated from other eastern North Pacific Ocean larvae by having 0-3 postanal ventral melanophores, a large eye, and a large body depth. Among species co-occurring in the western North Atlantic Ocean, T. murrayi and T. pingeli larvae are distinguished from each other by meristic counts (vertebrae, dorsal-fin rays, and anal-fin rays once formed), number of postanal ventral melanophores, and first appearance and size of head spines. Triglops nybelini is distinguished from T. murrayi and T. pingeli by a large eye, pigment on the lateral line and dorsal midline in flexion larvae, and a greater number of dorsal-fin rays and pectoral-fin rays once formed.

Prior to Pietsch's (1993) revision of the genus Triglops, identification of their larvae was difficult; six species cooccur in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and three co-occur in the western North Atlantic Ocean. We examined larvae from collections of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and Atlantic Reference Centre and used updated meristic data, pigment patterns, and morphological characters to identify larvae of Triglops forficatus, T. macellus, T. murrayi, T. nybelini, T. pingeli, and T. scepticus; larvae of T. metopias, T. dorothy, T. jordani, and T. xenostethus have yet to be identified and are thus not included in this paper. Larval Triglops are characterized by a high myomere count (42-54), heavy dorsolateral pigmentation on the gut, and a pointed snout. Among species co-occurring in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, T. forficatus, T. macellus, and T. pingeli larvae are distinguished from each other by meristic counts and presence or absence of a series of postanal ventral melanophores. Triglops scepticus is differentiated from other eastern North Pacific Ocean larvae by having 0-3 postanal ventral melanophores, a large eye, and a large body depth. Among species co-occurring in the western North Atlantic Ocean, T. murrayi and T. pingeli larvae are distinguished from each other by meristic counts (vertebrae, dorsal-fin rays, and anal-fin rays once formed), number of postanal ventral melanophores, and first appearance and size of head spines. Triglops nybelini is distinguished from T. murrayi and T. pingeli by a large eye, pigment on the lateral line and dorsal midline in flexion larvae, and a greater number of dorsal-fin rays and pectoral-fin rays once formed.

Complete, identified, developmental series of larval cottids Artedius fenestralis, A. creaseri, A. meanyi, Oligocottus snyderi, Clinocottus embryum, and C. globiceps are described for the first time. In addition, redescriptions of four species, Artedius harringtoni, A. lateralis, Oligocottus maculosus, and Clinocottus acuticeps are included that provide new and comparative information on larval development. Partial developmental series of two species, Artedius Type 3 and Clinocottus analis, are also described and illustrated for the first time. Using the methods of phylogenetic analysis proposed by Hennig (1966), characters of the larvae of 13 species of Artedius, Clinocottus, and Oligocottus are examined in terms of synapomorphic states. Number and pattern of preopercular spines, gut diverticula, body shape, and a bubble of skin at the nape are identified as synapomorphic characters useful in systematic analysis of this group. The synapomorphic character, multiple preopercular spines, provides strong evidence that Clinocottus acuticeps, C. analis, C. embryum, C. globiceps, C. recalvus, Oligocottus maculosus, 0. snyderi, Artedius fenestralis, A. harringtoni, A. lateralis, and A. Type 3 form a monophyletic group within the Cottidae. Within this group, the species of Clinocottus and Oligocottus are very closely related; however, each genus appears to be monophyletic. Larvae of all species of Clinocottus possess the synapomorphy, auxiliary preopercular spines. Larval Oligocottus maculosus and 0. snyderi share two derived characters, dorsal gut bumps and a bubble of skin at the nape. Artedius fenestralis, A. harringtoni, A. lateralis, and A. Type also form a monophyletic group closely related to Clinocottus and Oligocottus on the basis of a unique multiple preopercular spine pattern. Synapomorphic characters of the larvae provide strong evidence that A. creaseri and A. meanyi are more closely related to Icelinus than to species of Clinocottus, Oligocottus maculosus, O. snyderi, Artedius fenestralis, A. harringtoni, A. lateralis, and A. Type 3. Characters of the larvae strongly indicate that the genus Artedius as defined by Bolin (1934, 1947) is not monophyletic and that A. creaseri and A. meanyi should be placed separately from the other species of Artedius. Clarification of the exact position of these two species in relation to Icelinus and the Artedius-Clinocottus-Oligocottus group must await identification of larvae of all species of Icelinus and reexamination of characters of adult Icelinus and Artedius.

The Age and Growth Program at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center is tasked with providing age data in order to improve the basic understanding of the ecology and fisheries dynamics of Alaskan fish species. The primary focus of the Age and Growth Program is to estimate ages from otoliths and other calcified structures for age-structured modeling of commercially exploited stocks; however, the program has recently expanded its interests to include numerous studies on topics ranging from age estimate validation to the growth and life-history of non-target species. Because so many applications rely upon age data and particularly upon assurances as to their accuracy and precision, the Age and Growth Program has developed this practical guide to document the age determination of key groundfish species from Alaskan waters. The main objective of this manual is to describe techniques specific to the age determination of commercially and ecologically important species studied by the Age and Growth Program. The manual also provides general background information on otolith morphology, dissection, and preparation, as well as descriptions of methods used to measure precision and accuracy of age estimates. This manual is intended not only as a reference for age readers at the AFSC and other laboratories, but also to give insight into the quality of age estimates to scientists who routinely use such data.

Furthermore, sponges are extremely fragile and easily damaged by contact with fishing gear. High rates of fishery bycatch clearly indicate a strong interaction between existing fisheries and sponge habitat. Bycatch in fisheries and fisheries-independent surveys can be a major source of information on the location of the sponge fauna, but current monitoring programs are greatly hampered by the inability of deck personnel to identify bycatch. This guide contains detailed pecies descriptions for 112 sponges collected in Alaska, principally in the central Aleutian Islands. It addresses bycatch identification challenges by providing fisheries observers and scientists with the information necessary to adequately identify sponge fauna.Using that identification data, areas of high abundance can be mapped and the locations of indicator species of vulnerable marine ecosystems can be determined.

The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Family names are particularly important because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. Apart from using the correct family-group name according to the Code, it is also important to use one unique universal name (with a fixed spelling) to avoid confusion. We have compiled a list of familygroup names for Recent fishes, applied the rules of the Code and, if possible, tried to conserve the names in prevailing recent practice. We list all of the family-group names found to date for Recent fishes (N=2625), together with their author(s) and year of publication. This list can be used in assigning the correct family-group name to a genus or a group of genera. With this publication we contribute to the usage of correct, universal family-group names in the classification of, and for communication about, Recent fishes.