Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Historical Context; (3) Overview of Iran¿s Economy; (4) Econ. Policy and Reform Efforts; (5) Iran and the Recent Global Econ. Turndown; (6) Econ. Stakeholders: Bonyads; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; Private Sector; (7) Econ. Sectors: Oil and Natural Gas; Ag.; Mfg.; Financial Sector; (8) Internat. Trade: Major Goods Traded; Key Trading Partners; U.S.-Iranian Trade; Internat. Sanctions and Internat. Trade; Trade Liberalization; (9) Internat. Financial Flows: Foreign Exchange Reserves; Foreign Invest. in Iran¿s Economy; Internat. Loans and Assistance; (10) Congress. Issues and Options: Unilateral and Multilateral Approaches to Sanctions; Impact of Sanctions on Iran¿s Economy and Policy; Action in the 110th and 111th Cong.

In this comprehensive account of Iran's economic development since the 1979 revolution Professor Amuzegar examines how the Islamic economic model was established and developed in Iran. He surveys agriculture, the oil sector and industry across a wide spectrum. The book contains new information on economic trends and on the government's fiscal, monetary and exchange-rate policies, and sets overall performance in the context of initial intentions.

This study entails a theoretical reading of the Iranian modern history and follows an interdisciplinary agenda at the intersection of philosophy, psychoanalysis, economics, and politics and intends to offer a novel framework for the analysis of socio-economic development in Iran in the modern era. A brief review of Iranian modern history from the Constitutional Revolution to the Oil Nationalization Movement, the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and the recent Reformist and Green Movements demonstrates that Iranian people travelled full circle. This historical experience of socio-economic development revolving around the bitter question of “Why are we backward?” and its manifestation in perpetual socio-political instability and violence is the subject matter of this study. Michel Foucault’s conceived relation between the production of truth and production of wealth captures the essence of hypothesis offered in this study. Foucault (1980: 93–94) maintains that “In the last analysis, we must produce truth as we must produce wealth; indeed we must produce truth in order to produce wealth in the first place.” Based on a hybrid methodology combining hermeneutics of understanding and hermeneutics of suspicion, this monograph proposes that the failure to produce wealth has had particular roots in the failure in the production of truth and trust. At the heart of the proposed theoretical model is the following formula: the Iranian subject’s confused preference structure culminates in the formation of unstable coalitions which in turn leads to institutional failure, creating a chaotic social order and a turbulent history as experienced by the Iranian nation in the modern era. As such, the society oscillates between the chaotic states of socio-political anarchy emanating from irreconcilable differences between and within social assemblages and their affiliated hybrid forms of regimes of truth in the springs of freedom and repressive states of order in the winters of discontent. Each time, after the experience of chaos, the order is restored based on the emergence of a final arbiter (Iranian leviathan) as the evolved coping strategy for achieving conflict resolution. This highly volatile truth cycle produces the experience of socio-economic backwardness and violence. The explanatory power of the theoretical framework offered in the study exploring the relation between the production of truth, trust, and wealth is demonstrated via providing historical examples from strong events of Iranian modern history. The significant policy implications of the model are explored. This monograph will appeal to researchers, scholars, graduate students, policy makers and anyone interested in the Middle Eastern politics, Iran, development studies and political economy.

Post-war economic growth included recovery in oil output, but the country faced a severe economic downturn in the latter part of the decade due to a drop in international oil prices.3 Since the 1979 U. S. embassy hostage crisis in Tehran, Iran has been subject to various U. S. economic sanctions. [...] In June 2008, the five permanent members of the UNSC (Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States) and Germany offered to suspend further sanctions against Iran if Iran agreed to halt its uranium enrichment program and to begin negotiations on constraints of its nuclear activity.5 2 Abdelali Jbili, Vitali Kramarenko, and José Bailén, "Islamic Republic of Iran: Managing the Transition to [...] The IMF reported that Iran has the highest "brain drain" rate in the world.18 Economic Policy and Reform Efforts Over the past few decades, Iran has engaged in a series of five-year economic plans in order to shift its state-dominated economy into an economy that is market-oriented, private sector-led, and economically diversified. [...] Of primary concern to the United States and the international community is the purported use of oil export revenues to finance Iran's nuclear program and alleged support for terrorist groups. [...] While estimates vary about the size of the OSF, many observers express concern it no longer contains sufficient funds to cushion against the global economic turndown.28 Economic Stakeholders Iran's economy is heavily dominated by the state, which is the recipient of revenues from crude oil exports, and quasi-state actors, such as the bonyads and the commercial entities of the Islamic Revolutionary.

Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 4.5, University of Luzern, language: English, abstract: With my paper, I will illustrate the economic importance of the Strait of Hormuz for the world while giving a short update on the current political situation. Nevertheless, I will keep the focus on possible consequences of Iran closing the Strait, be it on an international or Iranian level. This analysis will be carried out based on recent research. Additionally, similar situations which occurred in the past, namely the conflict between the US and Iran in 1988, which culminated in “Operation Praying Mantis”, can be used to predict the consequences of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz nowadays. Further on, I will construct two scenarios: one of further escalation and another one of de-escalation. Three indicators, that is the development of the price of Brent crude oil, numbers depicting Iranian GDP growth, and the Consumer Price Index will allow me to deliver a prognosis, on what effects each one of these scenarios might have for Iran as well as the global economy. The hypothesis, which is going to be reviewed in the conclusion of this paper, is the following: “A closure of the Strait of Hormuz would have serious consequences for the global economy.”

This book provides a comprehensive overview of Iran's political economy since the 1979 revolution and examines the country's energy sector.