Social sciences and social scientists have great responsibilities in the development of society and country. As it is known, many phenomena such as reflections of socio-cultural life, human relations, political, legal and economic variables are within the scope of social and human sciences. There are many academic disciplines under the umbrella of social sciences such as international relations, geography, history, law, philosophy, educational sciences, psychology, theology, sociology, linguistics, archeology, political science, musicology, business, tourism. In this context, multidisciplinary scientific studies in these fields are very important and valuable in terms of understanding the present and shedding light on the future.

The field of social, human and administrative sciences offers wide opportunities for interdisciplinary studies. This field also has the potential to shape social life with its in-depth and interdisciplinary studies. In this work, there are 9 studies, each from a different discipline.

İnternational Research in Social, Human and Administrative Sciences IX

Experienced economic and social events, political factors, natural disasters, digital age, communication, leaders, people’s abilities affect social and economic life. Since social sciences generally examine social events and the effects of human factors, it is very difficult to reach clear results with controlled observations compared to science. Politicians, scientists, experts and sector managers are in an effort to find effective, efficient and sustainable solutions to social and economic events. The aim of this study, which is carried out in the social and human field, is to examine economic and social events and to investigate what should be done for developments in the field of social sciences. This valuable publication named “International Research in Social, Human and Administrative Sciences II” consists of studies in many different fields, including improvements and developments in the field of social sciences, and international qualitative and quantitative research. I would like to thank my esteemed professors from different fields and universities for their efforts and contribution in the emergence of the study.

Editör: Dr. Maria Emilia Camargo Cite this book APA Camargo, M. E. (2023). Academic Research & Reviews in Social, Human and Administrative Sciences-II-. Ankara, Türkiye: Global Academy Publishing House. https://dx.doi.org/10.59740/academy.18 About this book Perface This book consists of nine chapters. In the first chapter aims to analyze the influence of the prospect theory and the framing effect, as well as its relationship with generations X, Y and Z, on the attitude of college students regarding investment decision making. In the second chapter of the book, the concept of metaphor is examined; The basic functions, classification, application areas and educational use of metaphors are mentioned. In addition, the concept of student and student metaphors are also examined. In the third chapter, the Pygmalion effect of instructional leadership behaviors of school administrators on students is discussed. Again, in this chapter, before explaining the development of the concept of instructional leadership, definitions, approaches, dimensions of instructional leadership and its reflections in educational organizations, the relationship between the concept and management and leadership, what is the Pygmalion effect, other concepts that may be similar and related to the Pygmalion effect, and the reflections in education are discussed and the relationship between instructional leadership and the Pygmalion effect The relationship is discussed. In the fourth part of the book, "Assumptions, Tests and Comparative Criteria in Qualitative Preference Models" are examined. In the fifth chapter, there is research in the context of "Society's Welfare or Party's Welfare (Analysis of Government Policy Assistance in Indonesia)". In the sixth chapter, there is research in the context of Eastern Direction of External Europeanization: Conceptual Foundations and Stages of Development In the seventh chapter focused on the theory of corporate governance in the private sector, collecting these experiences, where the various governments promulgated regulations on corporate governance for their companies, private or public, where the emphasis will be on the application of the concepts of corporate governance of private companies, in addition to the OECD guidelines, what is remarkable about these standards is adding the relevant transparency and anti-corruption tools, so that these instructions do not remain a decalogue of good intentions to be applied. In the eighth chapter sought to conceptualise the broad concepts of external business environment and MSMEs performance, through a review of extant literature. The study extensively discussed the concepts of micro, small and medium enterprise as well as business environment. This includes: economic, political, socio-cultural and technological, among others. The study concentrated on a thorough evaluation of the body of existing research on the topic. This was done to make the major ideas clearer and to suggest some potential future study topics. The results of the existing literature showed a variety of findings and conclusions. Studies on the effect of the external business environment on the performance of MSMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa have used a variety of factors. In the ninth chapter (last chapter), researches are included in the context of "Analyzing Teachers' Views Regarding School Administrators' Social Justice Leadership Implementations". This book has been prepared for academics, researchers, doctoral students and policy makers working in the field of social, human and administrative sciences. Foreword Academic Research & Reviews in Social, Human and Administrative Sciences-II- is a thought-provoking book that provides valuable insights into contemporary issues facing social, human and administrative sciences academics, researchers, doctoral students, and teachers and policymakers. The main themes of the book are: “Prospect Theory and the Analysis of the Framing Effect in the Investment Decision-Making Process and its Relationship with Generations X, Y And Z: Exploratory Study with College Students”, “Student Metaphors”, “Pygmalion Effect of School Principals' Instructional Leadership Behaviors on Students”, “Assumptions, Tests and Comparative Criteria in Qualitative Preference Models”, “Society’s Welfare or Party’s Welfare (Analysis Of Government Policy Assistance in Indonesia)”, “Eastern Direction of External Europeanization: Conceptual Foundations and Stages of Development”, “Transparency and Anti -Corruption Tools for Corporate Governments”, “External Business Environment and Small Business Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Conceptual Review”, “Analyzing Teachers’ Views Regarding School Administrators’ Social Justice Leadership Implementations”. The authors of this book present a wealth of literature and research that will contribute to an understanding of the role of decision-makers and international organizations in the field of this area in promoting growth and development. The book is an excellent resource for anyone interested in learning about the most recent trends and emerging issues in the academic research & reviews in social, human and administrative sciences. Prof. Dr. Beatriz Lucia Salvador Bizotto Centro Universitário Unifacvest/ Brazil

Social sciences and social scientists have great responsibilities in the development of society and country. As it is known, many phenomena such as reflections of socio-cultural life, human relations, political, legal and economic variables are within the scope of social and human sciences. There are many academic disciplines under the umbrella of social sciences such as international relations, geography, history, law, philosophy, educational sciences, psychology, theology, sociology, linguistics, archeology, political science, musicology, business, tourism. In this context, multidisciplinary scientific studies in these fields are very important and valuable in terms of understanding the present and shedding light on the future.