Now, more than ever, foods come packaged in containers designed for direct cooking or heating, which often causes the movement of substances - indirect additives - into foods. Because of their unique characteristics, plastics or polymeric materials (PM) have become the most important packaging material for food products. The safety assessment of plastics intended for use in contact with foodstuffs or drinking water continues to present a serious challenge. Indirect Food Additives and Polymers: Migration and Toxicology studies the potential hazards of indirect additives for human health and develops recommendations for their safe manufacture and use. It contains an impressive review of basic regulatory, toxicological, and other scientific information necessary to identify, characterize, measure, and predict the hazards of nearly 2,000 plastic-like materials employed in packaging. The author presents the data underlying federal regulations - previously unavailable a single volume. The entry for each chemical provides: Prime Name Molecular or Structural Formula Molecular Mass Synonyms CAS Number RTECS number Properties Application and Exposure Migration Data Acute Toxicity Repeated Exposure Short-Term Toxicity Long-Term Toxicity Immunotoxicity of Allergenic Effect Reproductive Toxicity Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Chemobiokinetics Standards Guidelines Regulations Recommendations References International in scope, the Handbook of Indirect Polymeric Additives in Food and Water: Migration and Toxicology offers comprehensive data on the toxic effects of polymeric materials and their ingredients. You will find the most information on plastics and polymeric materials- their migration and toxicology - in this resource.

A 3-volume reference set you'll use every day. • Suppose you are the regulatory affairs manager for a food company, and your boss calls about "beet red", a coloring agent touted by a salesman as "natural". Your boss needs to know if this claim is true. How do you find out? • Perhaps you are an attorney for a company manufacturing ethnic marinade mixes and a customer charges that the chemical cinnamaldehyde, which the mixes contain, is being tested for carcinogenicity by the National Toxicology Program. Is your company manufacturing food that is potentially toxic? With the Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives, the answers are at your fingertips: You quickly look up "Beet Red" and find it is indeed natural, a product of edible beets. You are able to assure your boss that the claim is valid. After consulting the Encyclopedia, you calmly inform the customer that cinnamaldehyde is not only approved for use in food, but it is a primary constituent of cinnamon, a common household spice. The Encyclopedia provides you with a quick, understandable description of what each additive is and what it does, where it comes from, when its use might be limited, and how it is manufactured and used. What? FDA or PAFA name: Listed in bold is the name by which the FDA classifies the substance. List of Synonyms: From the Chemical Abstract, the IUPAC name, and the common or "folklore" name for natural products are listed. Standardized names are provided for each substances. The most commonly used names are in bold type. Current CAS Number: The current FDA number for the substance. Other CAS Numbers: Numbers used previously or that are used by TSCA or EINICS to identify the substance. Empirical Formula: Indicates the relative proportion of elements in a molecule. Specifications: Includes melting point, boiling point, optical rotation, specific gravity, and more. Where? Description: Where the substance is grown; how it is cultivated, gathered, and brought to market; how it gets into food; species and subspecies producing this commodity; differences in geographical origin and how it impacts the quality of the product. Natural Occurrence: Lists family, genus, and species. Explains variances between the same substance grown and cultivated in different geographies. Natural Sources: For synthetic or nature-identical substances the Encyclopedia provides a list of foods in which a substance is naturally found. When? GRAS status: "Generally Recognized as Safe" status as established by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturer's Association (FEMA) or other GRAS panels. Regulatory Notes: This citation gives information about restrictions of amount, use, or processing of substances. Table of Regulatory Citations: Lists CFR numbers and description of permitted use categories. How? Purity: For some substances there are no purity standards. Here, current good manufacturing practices are reported as gathered from various manufacturers. Allows you as the consumer to know what is available and standard in the industry. Functional Use in Food: The FDA has 32 functions for foods, such as, processing aids, antioxidants, stabilizers, texturizers, etc. Lists the use of the particular substance as it functions in food products. You get all this data, plus an index by CAS number and synonym to make your research even easier The Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives sorts through the technical language used in the laboratory or factory, the arcane terms used by regulatory managers, and the legalese used by attorneys, providing all the essentials for everyone involved with food additives. Consultants, lawyers, food and tobacco scientists and technicians, toxicologists, and food regulators will all benefit from the detailed, well-organized descriptions found in this one-stop source.

Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 3, April 1, 2016 contains regulations governing Food and Drugs and may also be referenced as: - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 3, April 1, 2016 - CFR Title 21 - CFR 21, Food and Drugs - CFR 21, Parts 170 to 199, Food and Drugs This volume contains Parts 170 to 199: - Part 170; FOOD ADDITIVES - Part 171; FOOD ADDITIVE PETITIONS - Part 172; FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION - Part 173; SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION - Part 174; INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: GENERAL - Part 175; INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADHESIVES AND COMPONENTS OF COATINGS - Part 176; INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: PAPER AND PAPERBOARD COMPONENTS - Part 177; INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS - Part 178; INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADJUVANTS, PRODUCTION AIDS, AND SANITIZERS - Part 179; IRRADIATION IN THE PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND HANDLING OF FOOD - Part 180; FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD OR IN CONTACT WITH FOOD ON AN INTERIM BASIS PENDING ADDITIONAL STUDY - Part 181; PRIOR-SANCTIONED FOOD INGREDIENTS - Part 182; SUBSTANCES GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE - Part 184; DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE - Part 186; INDIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE - Part 189; SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN HUMAN FOOD - Part 190; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS - Parts 191-199; Reserved

This guide contains over 20,000 entries completely cross-indexed and quoted in context to provide readers with instant access to every noun, phrase, and concept used by the Drug Enforcement Administration and U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

CFR Title 21, Parts 170-199 include food additives, indirect food additives: General, indirect food additives: polymers, iraddiation in the production, processing and handling of food, prior sanctioned food ingredients, substances prohibited in the production of human food, and more. Audience: food producers, manufacturers, processors, distrbutors, marketers, U.S. consumer population, food handlers, and health inspectors,