INDEX UNIT 1 GENERALISATION UNIT 2 CAUSATION UNIT 3 OBJECTIVITY AND INTERPRETATION UNIT 4 HISTORY, IDEOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT 5 GRECO-ROMAN TRADITIONS UNIT 6 TRADITIONAL CHINESE HISTORIOGRAPHY UNIT 7 HISTORIOGRAPHICAL TRADITIONS IN EARLY INDIA UNIT 8 MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY – WESTERN UNIT 9 MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY — ARABIC AND PERSIAN UNIT 10 MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY: INDO-PERSIAN UNIT 11 LOCAL HISTORY UNIT 12 POSITIVIST TRADITION UNIT 13 CLASSICAL MARXIST TRADITION UNIT 14 THE ANNALES SCHOOL UNIT 15 RECENT MARXIST APPROACHES UNIT 16 POSTMODERNIST INTERVENTION UNIT 17 GENDER IN HISTORY UNIT 18 RACE IN HISTORY UNIT 19 COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY UNIT 20 NATIONALIST APPROACH UNIT 21 COMMUNALIST TRENDS UNIT 22 MARXIST APPROACH UNIT 23 THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL UNIT 24 HISTORY FROM BELOW UNIT 25 SUBALTERN STUDIES UNIT 26 ECONOMIC HISTORY UNIT 27 PEASANTRY AND WORKING CLASSES UNIT 28 CASTE, TRIBE AND GENDER UNIT 29 RELIGION AND CULTURE UNIT 30 ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CODE- MHI-09 INDEX UNIT 1 : NATION AND NATIONALISM UNIT 2 : ANTI-COLONIAL NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT: ASIA AND AFRICA UNIT 3 : PERSPECTIVES ON INDIAN NATIONALISM – I UNIT 4 : PERSPECTIVES ON INDIAN NATIONALISM–II UNIT 5 : FOUNDATIONS OF INDIAN NATIONALISM UNIT 6 : ECONOMIC NATIONALISM UNIT 7 : RESISTANCE TO COLONIALISM IN INTELLECTUAL AND SOCIAL SPHERES UNIT 8 : TOWARDS RADICAL AND MASS POLITICS – SWADESHI MOVEMENT UNIT 9 : NATIONALIST POLITICS DURING THE WAR PERIOD UNIT 10 : EMERGENCE OF GANDHI UNIT 11 : THE TURNING POINT UNIT 12 : KHILAFAT AND NONCOOPERATION MOVEMENTS UNIT 13 : REVOLUTIONARY TRENDS UNIT 14 : RESISTANCE WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE COUNCILS UNIT 15 : CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT UNIT 16 : CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS UNIT 17 : CONGRESS MINISTRIES UNIT 18 : THE IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM IN THE 1930s UNIT 19 : POLITICAL DEMOCRATISATION IN THE PRINCELY STATES UNIT 20 : PRELUDE TO QUIT INDIA UNIT 21 : QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT UNIT 22 : POST-WAR NATIONAL UPSURGES, 1945-47 UNIT 23 : TOWARDS FREEDOM-I UNIT 24 : TOWARDS FREEDOM-II UNIT 25 : THE PEASANTRY UNIT 26 : THE WORKING CLASS UNIT 27 : THE CAPITALIST CLASS UNIT 28 : THE LANDLORDS UNIT 29 : NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND WOMEN UNIT 30 : NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND THE DALITS UNIT 31 : NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND THE MINORITIES UNIT 32 : NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND ITS STRATEGIES UNIT 33 : NATIONALIST MOVEMENT AND THE COMMUNAL PROBLEM UNIT 34 : MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION UNIT 35 :LEGACIES OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT

This book is an exclusive collection of history optional questions that appeared in the UPSC examination in year 1979 to 2019 along with carefully prepared answers. It covers all questions asked on ancient India and medieval India in this period. Written and presented in a lucid and focused manner, It is a very effective tool for time-lastly minute preparation. Features: sequentially arranged previous years' questions and answers divided into - ancient and medieval India as per the exam pattern.

In common with history, all the social sciences crucially rely on descriptions of the past for their evidence. But when, if ever, is it reasonable to regard such descriptions as true? This book attempts to establish the conditions that warrant belief in historical descriptions. It does so in a non-technical way, analysing numerous illustrations of the different kinds of argument about the past employed by historians and others. The author concludes that no historical description can be finally proved, and that we are only ever justified in believing them for certain practical purposes. This central question has not been addressed in such a thorough and systematic manner before. It draws on recent philosophy of history and will interest philosophers. But the wealth of material and accessibility of the presentation will also make it very valuable for historians and other social scientists concerned with the logic of their disciplines.

This extensive reopening of all firmly held views turned the debate into a most satisfying experience, for it emphasized exploration rather than agreement. Most contributions to the debate are being published in this volume.

Part of the prestigious Debates in Indian History and Society series, this volume presents the key argument of the debates, along with a selection of writings that made pioneering interventions in the study of the 18th century in Indian history.