This book contains the proceedings of the First International Conference on Humanities, Education, Language and Culture (ICHELAC 2021). Where held on 30th – 31st July 2021 in Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia. This conference was organized by Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences of the Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. The papers in this conference were collected in a proceedings book entitled: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Humanities, Education, Language and Culture (ICHELAC 2021). The presentation of such a multi-discipline conference provides a lot of exciting insights and new understanding on recent issues in terms of Humanities, Education, Language, and Culture. Referring to the argument, this conference would serve as a valuable reference for future relevant research activities. The committee acknowledges that the successful of this conference are closely intertwined by the contributions from various stakeholders. As being such, we would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the keynote speakers, invited speakers, paper presenters, and participants for their enthusiastic support in joining the First International Conference on Humanities, Education, Language, and Culture. We are convinced that the contents of the study from various papers are not only encouraged productive discussion among presenters and participants but also motivate further research in the relevant subject. We appreciate for your enthusiasm to attend our conference and share your knowledge and experience. Your input was important in ensuring the success of our conference. Finally, we hope that this conference serves as a forum for learning in building togetherness and academic networks. Therefore, we expect to see you all at the next ICHELAC.

Inclusive pedagogy adopts the premise that all students are able to learn, and practitioners are prepared to help them reach this goal. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has surfaced previously unknown circumstances that have prompted the field of language education to question whether the rushed changes and transfer to online learning environments supported diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Even though inclusive pedagogy holds the potential to empower students and teachers, this matter may have been neglected in the turbulence of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Language Learning Environments shares research on how instructors and teacher educators integrate DEI in their instruction. It raises awareness of the experiences and challenges of DEI in language learning environments and understands how language educators draw upon DEI, their experiences, and student needs as resources in language teaching and learning. Covering topics such as culturally responsive teaching, postcolonial language classrooms, and vernacular experience, this premier reference source is a dynamic resource for administrators and educators of both K-12 and higher education, preservice teachers, teacher educators, instructional designers, policymakers, researchers, librarians, and academicians.

International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture (ICEHHA) is an annual agenda organized by the Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. This year (2022) as the second conference that is scheduled in various fields, including education, humanities, health, and agriculture, on 21-22 October 2022 at Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. The theme carried at this conference is ‘The contribution of ICT in the fields of education, humanities, health, and agriculture post COVID-19’. This conference is inspired by the biggest challenge faced by the Indonesian nation and all countries worldwide after Covid-19 is a disruption in various fields of human life, including the fields of Education, Humanities, Health, and Agriculture. Covid-19 has changed the pattern of services in the fields of education, and health and has made global supply chains vulnerable. On the other hand, the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be an opportunity and a solution for various aspects of life after Covid-19. Therefore, a scientific forum in the form of an International Conference is needed to offer various solutions thoughts from research results or field experiences that focus on how ICT contributes to the fields of education, humanities, health, and agriculture after COVID-19. In fact, the International Conference in question is an academic discussion forum initiated by the Indonesian Catholic University of Santu Paulus Ruteng and carried out in a blinded manner (online and offline). This forum facilitates researchers, academics, professionals, practitioners, students, government officials, and all stakeholders who have the same interests around the world to disseminate the results of their studies, and conceptual or field experiences related to the contribution of ICT in the fields of education, humanities, health and agriculture in the post COVID-19. In fact, mastery of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the key to building a superior and competent individual civilization in every field of human life after COVID-19. This conference presented a Distinguished Keynote Speaker (Jhony Gerald Plate, S.E, Minister of Communication and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia), eight keynote speakers from three different countries, including Prof. Yohanes Servatius Lon (Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia), Prof. Adrianus Ahemka (Head of Regional LLDIKTI XV), Prof. Yayah S. Kusumah (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia), Prof. I Nyoman Darma Putra (Udayana University, Indonesia), Prof. Mauro Mocerino (Curtin University, Australia), Prof. Dwi Andreas Santosa (IPB University, Indonesia), Dr. Willy Ardian Renandya (Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, Singapore), and Prof. Maribeth Erb (National University of Singapore, Singapore), 174 paper presenters, and attended by more than 561 participants from university academics, researchers, professionals, practitioners, students, and government officials from all over Indonesia.

Opportunities to “have your say,” “get involved,” and “join the conversation” are everywhere in public life. From crowdsourcing and town hall meetings to government experiments with social media, participatory politics increasingly seem like a revolutionary antidote to the decline of civic engagement and the thinning of the contemporary public sphere. Many argue that, with new technologies, flexible organizational cultures, and a supportive policymaking context, we now hold the keys to large-scale democratic revitalization. Democratizing Inequalities shows that the equation may not be so simple. Modern societies face a variety of structural problems that limit potentials for true democratization, as well as vast inequalities in political action and voice that are not easily resolved by participatory solutions. Popular participation may even reinforce elite power in unexpected ways. Resisting an oversimplified account of participation as empowerment, this collection of essays brings together a diverse range of leading scholars to reveal surprising insights into how dilemmas of the new public participation play out in politics and organizations. Through investigations including fights over the authenticity of business-sponsored public participation, the surge of the Tea Party, the role of corporations in electoral campaigns, and participatory budgeting practices in Brazil, Democratizing Inequalities seeks to refresh our understanding of public participation and trace the reshaping of authority in today’s political environment.

Citizen participation is a central component of democratic governance. As participatory schemes have grown in number and gained in social legitimacy over recent years, the research community has analyzed the virtues of participatory policies from several points of view, but usually giving focus to the most successful and well-known grass-roots cases. This book examines a wider range of participatory interventions that have been created or legitimized by central governments, providing original exploration of institutional democratic participatory mechanisms. Looking at a huge variety of subnational examples across Italy, Spain and France, the book interrogates the rich findings of a substantial research project. The authors use quantitative and qualitative methods to compare why these cases of participatory mechanisms have emerged, how they function, and what cultural impact they’ve achieved. This allows highly original insights into why participatory mechanisms work in some places, but not others, and the sorts of choices that organizers of participatory processes have to consider when creating such policies.

Schools of Democracy offers a vivid analysis of the long-term impact of engagement in participatory budgeting institutions in Europe. While democratic innovations flourish around the world, there have been great hopes for their potential to revitalize representative government and solve the increasing apathy of the public. Based on a rich ethnographic study in France, Italy and Spain, this book shows how participatory institutions can encourage personal involvement, by creating the procedural and social conditions conducive to the formation of a competent and involved citizenry. Rather than deliberation itself, it seems that informal discussions and interactions between a diverse public allow mutual learning and the beginning of a political trajectory for people at the margins of the public sphere. However, this book also shows that citizens can become disappointed by the little decision-making power they are granted, as they leave the process often more cynical than before. Contains: A unique study on the long-term individual impact of engagement in participatory institutions. While most research deal with short-term impact, Schools of democracy addresses impact of participation after two years of engagement. Unique access to the black box of participatory institutions. While research on democratic innovations generally opt for an externalist perspective, Schools of democracy details the routine of deliberative interactions, showing how ordinary citizens speak up in public assemblies. From this perspective, the book offers incredibly rich empirical material -- coming from ethnographic research -- on how participatory democracy works. An original theoretical framework to the study of the individual impacts of participatory engagement. While most research are based on an implicit rational choice perspective, the pragmatist perspective adopted here sheds a different light on the studied phenomenon, stressing the co-construction of actors and their environment.

This is a survey of Muslim economic thinking in the last two decades of the 20th century in Arabic, Urdu and English.