This book examines recent advances in theories, models, and methods relevant to automated and autonomous systems. The following chapters provide perspectives on modern autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems, directly from the professionals working with and studying them. Current theories surrounding topics such as vigilance, trust, and fatigue are examined throughout as predictors of human performance in the operation of automated systems. The challenges related to attention and effort in autonomous vehicles described within give credence to still-developing methods of training and selecting operators of such unmanned systems. The book further recognizes the need for human-centered approaches to design; a carefully crafted automated technology that places the "human user" in the center of that design process. Features Combines scientific theories with real-world applications where automated technologies are implemented Disseminates new understanding as to how automation is now transitioning to autonomy Highlights the role of individual and team characteristics in the piloting of unmanned systems and how models of human performance are applied in system design Discusses methods for selecting and training individuals to succeed in an age of increasingly complex human-machine systems Provides explicit benchmark comparisons of progress across the last few decades, and identifies future prognostications and the constraints that impinge upon these lines of progress Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Current Theory and Methods illustrates the modern scientific theories and methods to be applied in real-world automated technologies.

This two-volume set addresses a variety of human factors issues and engineering concerns across various real-world applications such as aviation and driving, cybersecurity, and healthcare systems. The contents of these books also present recent theories and methods related to human performance, workload and usability assessment in automated and autonomous systems. In this set, the authors discuss both current and developing topics of advanced automation technologies and present emerging practical challenges. Topics covered include unmanned aerial systems and self-driving cars, individual and team performance, human-robot interaction, and operator selection and training. Both practical and theoretical discussions of modern automated and autonomous systems are provided throughout each of the volumes. These books are suitable for those first approaching the issues to those well versed in these fast-moving areas, including students, teachers, researchers, engineers, and policy makers alike. Volume 1 - Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Current Theory and Methods Volume 2 - Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Emerging Issues and Practical Perspectives

This book is devoted to the examination of emerging practical issues related to automated and autonomous systems. The book highlights the significance of these emergent technologies that determine the course of our daily lives. Each unique chapter highlights human factors and engineering concerns across real-world applications, including matters related to aviation and healthcare, human-robot interaction, transportation systems, cybersecurity and cyber defense. This book also depicts the boundaries that separate humans from machine as we continue to become ever more immersed in and symbiotic with these fast-emerging technologies. Automation, across many occupations, has transitioned the human to a role of monitoring machines, presenting challenges related to vigilance and workload. This book identifies the importance of an approach to automated technology that emphasizes the "human user" at the center of the design process. Features Provides perspectives on the role of the individual and teams in complex technical systems such as aviation, healthcare, and medicine Presents the development of highly autonomous systems related to human safety and performance Examines solutions to human factors challenges presented by modern threats to data privacy and cybersecurity Discusses human perceptual and cognitive capabilities underwriting to the design of automated and autonomous systems • Provides in-depth, expert reviews of context-related developments in automation and human-robot teaming Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Emerging Issues and Practical Perspectives applies scientific theory directly to real-world systems where automation and autonomous technology is implemented.

In Psychology and Human Performance in Space Programs: Research at the Frontier, leading space researchers from multiple fields of expertise summarize the recent growth of knowledge, the resulting tools and techniques, and the research still needed to protect humans in space. Making use of cutting-edge research and development related to composing, training, and supporting astronaut crews who will live and work together for future missions to Mars, this book examines the current practices of leaders in the field both at NASA and in academia. Presenting astronaut data alongside data from analogous extreme environments such as mission simulation habitats, this volume helpfully contrasts and compares to examine the lessons that can be learned from other approaches. Using the context of current International Space Station missions, the book discusses the influence of human factors and physiological health on individual and team job performance and social cohesion. With an overview of the physical and psychological hazards of space, and the challenges posed by conducting space-related applied psychology research, this volume uses the context of a long-duration Mars mission as a lens through which to discuss adaptation and resilience, technical and team training, technological advances related to working and living in space, and human interaction with onboard systems. Additionally, the book includes an essay from retired astronaut Clay Anderson on his experiences in space and thoughts on future missions to the moon and Mars. This first of two volumes will be of interest to professionals in the field of human factors and psychology at work, as well as academics examining human performance in extreme environments and aerospace.

This volume explores the intersection of robust intelligence (RI) and trust in autonomous systems across multiple contexts among autonomous hybrid systems, where hybrids are arbitrary combinations of humans, machines and robots. To better understand the relationships between artificial intelligence (AI) and RI in a way that promotes trust between autonomous systems and human users, this book explores the underlying theory, mathematics, computational models, and field applications. It uniquely unifies the fields of RI and trust and frames it in a broader context, namely the effective integration of human-autonomous systems. A description of the current state of the art in RI and trust introduces the research work in this area. With this foundation, the chapters further elaborate on key research areas and gaps that are at the heart of effective human-systems integration, including workload management, human computer interfaces, team integration and performance, advanced analytics, behavior modeling, training, and, lastly, test and evaluation. Written by international leading researchers from across the field of autonomous systems research, Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems dedicates itself to thoroughly examining the challenges and trends of systems that exhibit RI, the fundamental implications of RI in developing trusted relationships with present and future autonomous systems, and the effective human systems integration that must result for trust to be sustained. Contributing authors: David W. Aha, Jenny Burke, Joseph Coyne, M.L. Cummings, Munjal Desai, Michael Drinkwater, Jill L. Drury, Michael W. Floyd, Fei Gao, Vladimir Gontar, Ayanna M. Howard, Mo Jamshidi, W.F. Lawless, Kapil Madathil, Ranjeev Mittu, Arezou Moussavi, Gari Palmer, Paul Robinette, Behzad Sadrfaridpour, Hamed Saeidi, Kristin E. Schaefer, Anne Selwyn, Ciara Sibley, Donald A. Sofge, Erin Solovey, Aaron Steinfeld, Barney Tannahill, Gavin Taylor, Alan R. Wagner, Yue Wang, Holly A. Yanco, Dan Zwillinger.