Pakistan, since its independence in 1947, had to face tumultuous years for the first four decades. Despite the many challenges, both internal and external, the country was able to register a 6 per cent average annual growth rate during the first forty years of its existence. The country was ahead of India and Bangladesh in all economic and social indicators. Since 1990, the country has fallen behind its neighbouring countries and has had a decline in the growth rate. This book attempts to examine the reasons behind this slowdown, the volatile and inequitable growth of the last twenty-five years, and through a process of theoretical and empirical evidence argues that the most powerful explanatory hypothesis lies in the decay of institutions of governance. It also suggests a selective and incremental approach of restructuring some key public institutions that pertain to accountability, transparency, security, economic growth, and equity.

Democratic and consolidated states are taken as the model for effective rule-making and service provision. In contrast, this book argues that good governance is possible even without a functioning state.

In this second Book, I am proposing new ways to advance Nigerias Governance from the current level that many people view as Ungovernable to a more Governable level . In this regard I am proposing to my fellow Economists to consider what I call a Holistic Planning Strategy that embraces such issues as Religious, Family and Tribal conflicts rather than be limited to their usual traditional narrow views on economics . Furthermore, I tried to reflect in these Books my own personal views and experience on what I described as Christian Democratic System of Governance. My reason for this reflection is to enlighten non-Christians and Atheists in our midst, to understand the merits of Christian perspectives in Secular Governance . My aim is also to enlighten non- Christians before the 2015 election, on the justification for maintaining God at the center of our Nigerian Governance rather than follow Satans temptation to drive God out of our lives and Governance .This temptation is succeeding in many advanced nations in the world. Many of them had banned praying in public functions or calling on Gods name. Finally, I call on Nigerians to join the Catholic Community across the nation to pray for our country in distress.

Rebellion was in the air. Workers were on strike, students were demonstrating on campuses, discipline was breaking down. No relation of domination was left untouched – the relation between the sexes, the racial order, the hierarchies of class, relationships in families, workplaces and colleges. The upheavals of the late 1960s and early 1970s quickly spread through all sectors of social and economic life, threatening to make society ungovernable in the eyes of ruling elites. This crisis was also the birthplace of the authoritarian liberalism which continues to cast its shadow across the world in which we now live. To ward off the threat, new arts of government were devised in business-related circles, which included a war against the trade unions, the primacy of shareholder value and a dethroning of politics. The neoliberalism that thus began its triumphal march was not, however, determined by a simple ‘state phobia’ and a desire to free up the economy from government interference. On the contrary, the strategy for overcoming the crisis of governability consisted in an authoritarian liberalism in which the liberalization of society went hand-in-hand with new forms of power imposed from above: a ‘strong state’ for a ‘free economy’ became the new magic formula of our capitalist societies. Grégoire Chamayou analyses this crisis as it was perceived and theorized in the 1970s by those who strove to defend the interests of business – that is, the ruling elites, especially in the United States, from which a far-reaching intellectual and political movement spread. The new arts of government they devised are still with us today and we can understand their nature and lasting influence only by re-examining the history of the conflicts that brought them into being.

The widespread uptake of digital platforms – from YouTube and Instagram to Twitch and TikTok – is reconfiguring cultural production in profound, complex, and highly uneven ways. Longstanding media industries are experiencing tremendous upheaval, while new industrial formations – live-streaming, social media influencing, and podcasting, among others – are evolving at breakneck speed. Poell, Nieborg, and Duffy explore both the processes and the implications of platformization across the cultural industries, identifying key changes in markets, infrastructures, and governance at play in this ongoing transformation, as well as pivotal shifts in the practices of labor, creativity, and democracy. The authors foreground three particular industries – news, gaming, and social media creation – and also draw upon examples from music, advertising, and more. Diverse in its geographic scope, Platforms and Cultural Production builds on the latest research and accounts from across North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and China to reveal crucial differences and surprising parallels in the trajectories of platformization across the globe. Offering a novel conceptual framework grounded in illuminating case studies, this book is essential for students, scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand how the institutions and practices of cultural production are transforming – and what the stakes are for understanding platform power.

This cutting-edge text offers an introduction to the emerging field of media archaeology and analyses the innovative theoretical and artistic methodology used to excavate current media through its past. Written with a steampunk attitude, What is Media Archaeology? examines the theoretical challenges of studying digital culture and memory and opens up the sedimented layers of contemporary media culture. The author contextualizes media archaeology in relation to other key media studies debates including software studies, German media theory, imaginary media research, new materialism and digital humanities. What is Media Archaeology? advances an innovative theoretical position while also presenting an engaging and accessible overview for students of media, film and cultural studies. It will be essential reading for anyone interested in the interdisciplinary ties between art, technology and media.

Growth and structural change in the Pakistan economy -- Production base: agriculture and industry -- Macroeconomic foundations: fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policy -- Investing in people: education, population, health, and poverty alleviation -- Physical capital: infrastructure -- Foreign trade, external debt, and resource flows -- Explaining Pakistan's economic performance -- An economic and social agenda for the 21st century -- The elitist economy.