War, poverty, and famine; political, social, and economic change; and the deep seated views and rituals rooted in a culture‘s history and traditions all contribute to the widespread and growing trafficking of women and children. The multilayered complexity, myriad contributing factors, enormous amount of money involved, and sheer magnitude of the

Bibliography pp. 68-72.

The 2020 UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons is the fifth of its kind mandated by the General Assembly through the 2010 United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. It covers more than 130 countries and provides an overview of patterns and flows of trafficking in persons at global, regional and national levels, based primarily on trafficking cases detected between 2017 and 2019. As UNODC has been systematically collecting data on trafficking in persons for more than a decade, trend information is presented for a broad range of indicators.

The most vulnerable are being victimized worldwide. Learn how to stop the horror. Consider these jarring statistics: The U.S. State Department estimates that between 700,000 and 2 million people are trafficked each year. 80% of them are being exploited as sex slaves. Between 14,000 and 17,500 foreign women and children are trafficked into the U.S. every year. The National Runaway Switchboard says between 1.6 million and 2.8 million American children run away from home each year. As many as 300,000 of these children between the ages of 9 and 14 may be living as prostitutes on the street. Sex trafficking of women and children has been identified as the second largest source of illicit revenues for organized crime, topped only by illicit drug sales. Sex trafficking of women and children has reached epidemic proportions ... and it is growing! This revised and updated version of the first edition is filled with insights and information from many of the top experts on international sex trafficking. It will give you the information you need to comprehend the scope of the crisis, the education you need to understand the methods of operation used in its execution and the intelligence you need to recognize and combat it. "International Sex Trafficking of Women and Children: Understanding the Global Epidemic" is essential for: Educators who want to increase their awareness and understanding of this crisis and who may also wish to develop an academic course on the topic and pursue their own scholarly research. Law enforcement professionals, including trainers, administrators, investigators and both veteran and early career street officers who may encounter both trafficking criminals and victims. Government officials responsible for drafting and supporting legislation designed to combat this crime. Those compelled to take action to save and protect women and children worldwide from exploitation. It is time to take immediate action and stop this spreading tragedy. Arm yourself and others with the knowledge needed to combat the unthinkable. Book jacket.

This report, which comprises three booklets, provides a comprehensive analysis of the crime of trafficking in persons and how different countries are responding to this crisis. Countries worldwide have been detecting and reporting a larger number of victims and are also convicting more traffickers than ever before. This may well be the result of an increase in the capacity to identify victims over the last few years. While the number of reporting countries did not significantly increase, the number of victims reported in different countries did increase. The trend has unfortunately been growing over the past few years.

The Report covers and provides an overview of patterns and flows of trafficking in persons at the global, regional and national levels, based on trafficking cases detected mainly between 2012 and 2014.

Each year, more than two million children around the world fall victim to commercial sexual exploitation. The numbers of children sexually abused for non-commercial purposes are even higher. Put simply, the growing, increasingly-organized epidemic of child exploitation demands a coordinated response. The aim of this book is to bring some fresh thinking to this complicated area of the law, and to help erase some of its counterproductive mythology. The book provides the first comprehensive, practical introduction to the history and present-day reality of child sexual exploitation, as well as to the interconnected web of domestic and transnational federal laws and law enforcement efforts launched in response thereto. It is written from the distinctive perspective of those who have spent their careers in the trenches investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating these intricate and commonly emotional cases. Relying on real-world examples, the authors offer proscriptive and descriptive practical advice and reform proposals aimed at those involved at all levels in this difficult area. Serving as a “first-line” resource for clear, practical thinking on the range of complex, and often misunderstood, investigative, prosecutorial, and rehabilitative issues surrounding child exploitation cases, this work is a must-have for anyone with interest in the protection of children from sexual exploitation and trafficking.