This book presents recently obtained mathematical results on Gibbs measures of the q-state Potts model on the integer lattice and on Cayley trees. It also illustrates many applications of the Potts model to real-world situations in biology, physics, financial engineering, medicine, and sociology, as well as in some examples of alloy behavior, cell sorting, flocking birds, flowing foams, and image segmentation.Gibbs measure is one of the important measures in various problems of probability theory and statistical mechanics. It is a measure associated with the Hamiltonian of a biological or physical system. Each Gibbs measure gives a state of the system.The main problem for a given Hamiltonian on a countable lattice is to describe all of its possible Gibbs measures. The existence of some values of parameters at which the uniqueness of Gibbs measure switches to non-uniqueness is interpreted as a phase transition.This book informs the reader about what has been (mathematically) done in the theory of Gibbs measures of the Potts model and the numerous applications of the Potts model. The main aim is to facilitate the readers (in mathematical biology, statistical physics, applied mathematics, probability and measure theory) to progress into an in-depth understanding by giving a systematic review of the theory of Gibbs measures of the Potts model and its applications.

The Gibbs measure is a probability measure, which has been an important object in many problems of probability theory and statistical mechanics. It is the measure associated with the Hamiltonian of a physical system (a model) and generalizes the notion of a canonical ensemble. More importantly, when the Hamiltonian can be written as a sum of parts, the Gibbs measure has the Markov property (a certain kind of statistical independence), thus leading to its widespread appearance in many problems outside of physics such as biology, Hopfield networks, Markov networks, and Markov logic networks. Moreover, the Gibbs measure is the unique measure that maximizes the entropy for a given expected energy. The method used for the description of Gibbs measures on Cayley trees is the method of Markov random field theory and recurrent equations of this theory, but the modern theory of Gibbs measures on trees uses new tools such as group theory, information flows on trees, node-weighted random walks, contour methods on trees, and nonlinear analysis. This book discusses all the mentioned methods, which were developed recently.

The intersection of combinatorics and statistical physics has experienced great activity in recent years. This flurry of activity has been fertilized by an exchange not only of techniques, but also of objectives. Computer scientists interested in approximation algorithms have helped statistical physicists and discrete mathematicians overcome language problems. They have found a wealth of common ground in probabilistic combinatorics. Close connections between percolation and random graphs, graph morphisms and hard-constraint models, and slow mixing and phase transition have led to new results and perspectives. These connections can help in understanding typical behavior of combinatorial phenomena such as graph coloring and homomorphisms. Inspired by issues and intriguing new questions surrounding the interplay of combinatorics and statistical physics, a DIMACS/DIMATIA workshop was held at Rutgers University. These proceedings are the outgrowth of that meeting. This volume is intended for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in probabilistic graph theory and its applications.

This volume is dedicated to the theory of phase transitions and its interdisciplinary aspects. More specifically, the idea is to discuss the notion of the Gibbs state and its use (and limitations) in different applications.

This introduction to some of the principal models in the theory of disordered systems leads the reader through the basics, to the very edge of contemporary research, with the minimum of technical fuss. Topics covered include random walk, percolation, self-avoiding walk, interacting particle systems, uniform spanning tree, random graphs, as well as the Ising, Potts, and random-cluster models for ferromagnetism, and the Lorentz model for motion in a random medium. This new edition features accounts of major recent progress, including the exact value of the connective constant of the hexagonal lattice, and the critical point of the random-cluster model on the square lattice. The choice of topics is strongly motivated by modern applications, and focuses on areas that merit further research. Accessible to a wide audience of mathematicians and physicists, this book can be used as a graduate course text. Each chapter ends with a range of exercises.

p-adic numbers play a very important role in modern number theory, algebraic geometry and representation theory. Lately p-adic numbers have attracted a great deal of attention in modern theoretical physics as a promising new approach for describing the non-Archimedean geometry of space-time at small distances.This is the first book to deal with applications of p-adic numbers in theoretical and mathematical physics. It gives an elementary and thoroughly written introduction to p-adic numbers and p-adic analysis with great numbers of examples as well as applications of p-adic numbers in classical mechanics, dynamical systems, quantum mechanics, statistical physics, quantum field theory and string theory.