This is an introductory textbook on the geometrical theory of dynamical systems, fluid flows and certain integrable systems. The topics are interdisciplinary and extend from mathematics, mechanics and physics to mechanical engineering, and the approach is very fundamental. The main theme of this book is a unified formulation to understand dynamical evolutions of physical systems within mathematical ideas of Riemannian geometry and Lie groups by using well-known examples. Underlying mathematical concepts include transformation invariance, covariant derivative, geodesic equation and curvature tensors on the basis of differential geometry, theory of Lie groups and integrability. These mathematical theories are applied to physical systems such as free rotation of a top, surface wave of shallow water, action principle in mechanics, diffeomorphic flow of fluids, vortex motions and some integrable systems.In the latest edition, a new formulation of fluid flows is also presented in a unified fashion on the basis of the gauge principle of theoretical physics and principle of least action along with new type of Lagrangians. A great deal of effort has been directed toward making the description elementary, clear and concise, to provide beginners easy access to the topics.

This monograph presents a geometric theory for incompressible flow and its applications to fluid dynamics. The main objective is to study the stability and transitions of the structure of incompressible flows and its applications to fluid dynamics and geophysical fluid dynamics. The development of the theory and its applications goes well beyond its original motivation of the study of oceanic dynamics. The authors present a substantial advance in the use of geometric and topological methods to analyze and classify incompressible fluid flows. The approach introduces genuinely innovative ideas to the study of the partial differential equations of fluid dynamics. One particularly useful development is a rigorous theory for boundary layer separation of incompressible fluids. The study of incompressible flows has two major interconnected parts. The first is the development of a global geometric theory of divergence-free fields on general two-dimensional compact manifolds. The second is the study of the structure of velocity fields for two-dimensional incompressible fluid flows governed by the Navier-Stokes equations or the Euler equations. Motivated by the study of problems in geophysical fluid dynamics, the program of research in this book seeks to develop a new mathematical theory, maintaining close links to physics along the way. In return, the theory is applied to physical problems, with more problems yet to be explored. The material is suitable for researchers and advanced graduate students interested in nonlinear PDEs and fluid dynamics.

Leading experts present a unique, invaluable introduction to the study of the geometry and typology of fluid flows. From basic motions on curves and surfaces to the recent developments in knots and links, the reader is gradually led to explore the fascinating world of geometric and topological fluid mechanics. Geodesics and chaotic orbits, magnetic knots and vortex links, continual flows and singularities become alive with more than 160 figures and examples. In the opening article, H. K. Moffatt sets the pace, proposing eight outstanding problems for the 21st century. The book goes on to provide concepts and techniques for tackling these and many other interesting open problems.

"The organizing committee envisioned bringing together three groups of people working on the following topics in fluid and plasma dynamics: 1. Geometric aspects : Hamiltonian structures, perturbation theory and nonlinear stability by variational methods, 2) Analytical and numerical methods: contour dynamics, spectral methods, and functional analytic techniques, 3) Dynamical systems aspects: experimental and numerical methods, bifurcation theory, and chaos."- introduction

This book presents a unified study of dynamically coupled systems involving a rigid body and an ideal fluid flow from the perspective of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. It compiles theoretical investigations on the topic of dynamically coupled systems using a framework grounded in Kirchhoff’s equations. The text achieves a balance between geometric mechanics, or the modern theories of reduction of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems, and classical fluid mechanics, with a special focus on the applications of these principles. Following an introduction to Kirchhoff’s equations of motion, the book discusses several extensions of Kirchhoff’s work, particularly related to vortices. It addresses the equations of motions of these systems and their Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. The book is suitable to mathematicians, physicists and engineers with a background in Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics and theoretical fluid mechanics. It includes a brief introductory overview of geometric mechanics in the appendix.

Written jointly by a specialist in geophysical fluid dynamics and an applied mathematician, this is the first accessible introduction to a new set of methods for analysing Lagrangian motion in geophysical flows. The book opens by establishing context and fundamental mathematical concepts and definitions, exploring simple cases of steady flow, and touching on important topics from the classical theory of Hamiltonian systems. Subsequent chapters examine the elements and methods of Lagrangian transport analysis in time-dependent flows. The concluding chapter offers a brief survey of rapidly evolving research in geophysical fluid dynamics that makes use of this new approach.