The “omics” era has given a new perspective to the findings on the origin and evolution of the process of translation. This book provides insight into the evolution of the translation process and machinery from a modern perspective. Written by leading experts in molecular biology, this text looks into the origins and evolution of the protein synthetic machinery.

The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes is a fundamental cellular process. Cells must tightly control protein synthesis to maintain homeostasis and regulate proliferation, growth, differentiation, and development. Indeed, aberrant translational control is associated with cancer, several neurologic syndromes, and genetic disorders including "ribosomopathies." Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers our current understanding of protein synthesis and its control, from the genomic level to single- molecule analysis and single-cell imaging. The contributors describe the fundamental steps in protein synthesis (initiation, elongation, and termination), the factors involved, and high- resolution structures of the translational machinery. They review the targets of translational control (e.g., initiation factors and mRNAs) and how signaling pathways modulate this machinery. The roles of the endoplasmic reticulum, the unfolded protein response, processing bodies (P-bodies), stress granules, and small RNAs (including microRNAs) are also covered. This volume includes discussion of translational deregulation in cancer and the development of therapeutic agents that target translation initiation. Thus, it is an essential reference for cell and molecular biologists, as well as developmental and neurobiologists, oncologists, virologists, and all those investigating human diseases associated with translation dysfunction.

Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.

Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.

Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.