Anyone writing texts in English is constantly faced with the unavoidable question whether to use open spelling (drinking fountain), hyphenation (far-off) or solid spelling (airport) for individual compounds. While some compounds commonly occur with alternative spellings, others show a very clear bias for one form. This book tests over 60 hypotheses and explores the patterns underlying the spelling of English compounds from a variety of perspectives. Based on a sample of 600 biconstituent compounds with identical spelling in all reference works in which they occur (200 each with open, hyphenated and solid spelling), this empirical study analyses large amounts of data from corpora and dictionaries and concludes that the spelling of English compounds is not chaotic but actually correlates with a large number of statistically significant variables. An easily applicable decision tree is derived from the data and an innovative multi-dimensional prototype model is suggested to account for the results.

Both compounds and multi-word expressions are complex lexical units, made up of at least two constituents. The most basic difference is that the former are morphological objects and the latter result from syntactic processes. However, the exact demarcation between compounds and multi-word expressions differs greatly from language to language and is often a matter of debate in and across languages. Similarly debated is whether and how these two different kinds of units complement or compete with each other. The volume presents an overview of compounds and multi-word expressions in a variety of European languages. Central questions that are discussed for each language concern the formal distinction between compounds and multi-word expressions, their formation and their status in lexicon and grammar. The volume contains chapters on German, English, Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish, Greek, Russian, Polish, Finnish, and Hungarian as well as a contrastive overview with a focus on German. It brings together insights from word-formation theory, phraseology and theory of grammar and aims to contribute to the understanding of the lexicon, both from a language-specific and cross-linguistic perspective.

The Compound Words (7,000 Compound and Hyphenated Words) For free sample lessons, visit SpellingRules.com Over 5,000 compound words and 2,000 hyphenated words are grouped alphabetically, colored, and prepared for children and adults to read and learn. For instance, 106 compound words and 29 hyphenated words that begin with an "a" are grouped, colored, and listed on three pages. A compound word is a word composed of two or more words, as in "cannot." A hyphenated word is a word made of the two or more words, which are separated by hyphens, as in "face-to-face." Linguist Camilia Sadik spent 15 years intensely dissecting English to make spelling logical and possible for all ages and all types of learners. Other Spelling Books by Camilia Sadik are: 100 Spelling Rules, Learn to Spell 500 Words a Day (6 volumes: A, E, I, O, U, Consonants), Read Instantly, Teachers' Guide, and ESL Books. Using any of the 10 phonics-based spelling books by Camilia Sadik, children or adults, apply a spelling rule, read aloud the practice lessons that follow that rule, and learn the spelling of hundreds of words at a time. Dyslexia in spelling and in writing letters in reverse ends, after learning to spell and after slowing down to write words slowly. Visit SpellingRules.com

This book will tell all you need to know about British English spelling. It's a reference work intended for anyone interested in the English language, especially those who teach it, whatever the age or mother tongue of their students. It will be particularly useful to those wishing to produce well-designed materials for teaching initial literacy via phonics, for teaching English as a foreign or second language, and for teacher training. English spelling is notoriously complicated and difficult to learn; it is correctly described as much less regular and predictable than any other alphabetic orthography. However, there is more regularity in the English spelling system than is generally appreciated. This book provides, for the first time, a thorough account of the whole complex system. It does so by describing how phonemes relate to graphemes and vice versa. It enables searches for particular words, so that one can easily find, not the meanings or pronunciations of words, but the other words with which those with unusual phoneme-grapheme/grapheme-phoneme correspondences keep company. Other unique features of this book include teacher-friendly lists of correspondences and various regularities not described by previous authorities, for example the strong tendency for the letter-name vowel phonemes (the names of the letters ) to be spelt with those single letters in non-final syllables.

This controversial new book addresses the linguistic problems around compounds: words which sit on the borderline of syntax and morphology.