Agricultural employment, rural migration, trends, developing countries.

This book presents an original theoretical treatment of the problems of maintaining full employment in a multisector economic system

'The editors of this volume have brought together an invaluable set of essays on each of these issues. The overall post-Keynesian message, of course one that comes through very clearly is that employment, growth and development are not at all separate topics, but each depend on the appropriate choice of macroeconomic policies for a monetary production economy.' John Smithin, York University, CanadaBringing together over a dozen post-Keynesian experts on the issues of employment, growth, development and exchange rates, this book breaks new ground by offering interesting and innovative insights into the problems faced today in both developed and developing countries. This topical book addresses unemployment in Europe, the wrong-headed reliance on NAIRU to formulate policy, distributional conflicts and financial factors, as well as problems faced in developing countries with respect to exchange rate policy, central banking, challenges to growth, and international financial flows. In the first part of the book the chapters deal with issues related to employment policies, economic growth and development while the second part is dedicated to development and growth issues in open-economy developing countries. Employment, Growth and Development offers an interesting analysis of the current economic issues from a post-Keynesian perspective that will appeal to academics and graduate students interested in development and economics.

The book Economic Growth and Industrial Structure Evolution: China’s Experience since the Beginning of Reform and Opening-up discusses the connection and quantitative relationship between the economic aggregate and industrial structure and is to explore the impact of the institutional reform and government’s macro decision on China’s economic growth and industrial structure evolution through the analysis of the industrial structure changes during the process of China’s economic growth and reform over the past 30 years. This book is collected by the National Achievements Library of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China in 2015. This study is divided into seven chapters, respectively, "the judgements for economic growth level and development stage", "new changes, new imbalances, and new policies under the new normal", "the overall imbalances and macro-control of economic growth", "the upgrading of industrial structure in economic growth", "the upgrading of industrial structure and growth efficiency", "the imbalances of industrial structure and distortions of primary income distribution", and "the upgrading of industrial structure, adjustment of economic structure, and the supply-side reform".

The Seventh National Population Census (NPC) results show that China's population structure has undergone profound changes. While the rates of education penetration and urbanization continue to rise, issues such as population aging and low fertility rates have become prominent. Population is the core factor influencing economic growth, and its structural changes will bring numerous opportunities and challenges for China's future economic development. Currently, most of the research on the economic effects of population structure mainly focus on constructing a certain static panels to analyze certain demographic factors, lacking consideration of the wholeness and correlation aspects of population structure. Moreover, the design of models seldom incorporate the intrinsic dynamics and convergence of economic growth. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a dynamic panel model and systematically study the impact of various demographic factors on regional economic growth and convergence, so as to understand and grasp the demographic changes in China and promote the coordinated development of regional economy. Based on a comprehensive review of the theoretical literature, this book first conducts a systematic analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of China's national and regional population structure and regional economic development. Second, it identifies the mechanism through which population structure affects regional economic growth and convergence and proposes research hypotheses. Subsequently, based on the neoclassical economic growth convergence model, a dynamic model is constructed to examine the influence of population structure on regional economic growth and convergence. Using panel data on population structure and economic growth from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, an empirical analysis is conducted using the SYS-GMM method. Additionally, a heterogeneity analysis is conducted with samples from the eastern, central, and western regions. Furthermore, taking into account the reality of shortened spatial and temporal distances and intensified population mobility between regions, a spatial econometric model is constructed to analyze the spatial spillover effect of population structure on regional economic growth. The current research theory for interfacial loess landslides is relatively lagging behind. Therefore, this book provides a detailed theoretical study on the failure mechanism and calculation model of interface type loess landslides, and provides a clear theoretical derivation process and application methods. The research process involves interdisciplinary research in soil mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics, fracture mechanics, structural mechanics, theoretical mechanics, and other disciplines, which not only reflects the multi-angle nature of research issues, but also reflects the multi-scale nature of research issues. The conclusions of the study as follows: changes in the gender structure of the population do not have a significant impact on the speed of national and regional economic growth. On the other hand, an increase in the gender ratio in the western region may promote economic growth convergence. Secondly, population aging can reduce labor supply and savings rate, inhibit innovation, thereby impeding regional economic growth and convergence. The influence of the rate of urbanization on economic growth shows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Initially, urbanization promotes economic growth, but excessive urbanization may hinder it. The eastern region has the highest urbanization rate and experiences an inverted U-shaped impact on economic growth, whereas the central and western regions benefit from linearly positive effects of urbanization. Moreover, the improvement of urbanization rate is one of the most important factors promoting regional economic growth convergence. The enhancement of the population's educational level can promote total factor productivity and human capital in the country as a whole and each region, thereby driving economic growth. It also stands as one of the most crucial factors promoting regional economic growth. Additionally, considering spatial factors, the aging of the population has a positive effect on the interaction of regional economic growth. Based on the above conclusions, this book proposes the following policy recommendations: First, adhere to the concept of gender equality and alleviate the pressure caused by the "marriage squeeze". Second, improve the pension system and vigorously develop the "silver economy". Third, promote the coordinated development of new urbanization and prevent "pseudo-urbanization" and "counter-urbanization". Fourth, implement the three major strategies of innovation-driven, science and education revitalization, and talent power. Fifth, strive to promote the upgrading of the employment structure and give full play to the important role of the tertiary industry in absorbing labor.