Divine wrath is considered politically incorrect for a God of love, but Stevens insists coming to terms with Paul’s language of wrath is imperative for understanding Paul’s gospel. Half of the occurrences of the two primary terms in the New Testament are in Paul. A survey focusing on the key terms for wrath in Greek, Roman, Hebrew, Samaritan, and New Testament literature provides background to see Pauline distinctives. Rich illustrations bring discussion to life drawn from decades of the author’s research overseas. Stevens challenges Dodd’s divine wrath as no more than an impersonal nexus of sin and retribution by integrating wrath into a theology of grace through which God always and in everything is seeking to save.

Judgment and the wrath of God are prominent themes in Matthew’s Gospel. Because judgment is announced not only on the hypocritical but also on those who reject God’s messengers—and because this rejection is implicitly connected with the destruction of Jerusalem—the Gospel has often been read in terms of God’s rejection of Israel, with catastrophic results. Anders Runesson sets out to show, through careful study of Matthew’s composition and comparison with contemporary Jewish literature, that the theme of divine judgment plays very different and distinct roles regarding diverse groups of Jews (including Jesus’ disciples) and non-Jews in this Gospel. Runesson examines various assumptions regarding the criteria of judgment in each case and finds that Matthew does not support some of the most popular slogans in Christian theology. The results and implications for our historical understanding of Christian origins and our theological estimation of Matthew’s place in that story will be of vital interest to scholars and students for years to come.

Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States, there was prolific misuse and abuse of the concept of divine wrath in church pulpits. In pursuit of a faithful understanding of what he calls a «lost doctrine,» the author of this study investigates the substantial history of how «the wrath of God» has been interpreted in Christian theology and preaching. Starting with the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures and moving historically through Christianity's most important theologians and societal changes, several models of divine wrath are identified. The author argues for the reclamation of a theological paradigm of divine wrath that approaches God's love and God's wrath as intrinsically enjoined in a dynamic tension. Without such a commitment to this paradigm, this important biblical aspect of God is in danger of suffering two possible outcomes. Firstly, it may suffer rejection, through conscious avoidance of the narrow misinterpretations of divine wrath that dominate contemporary theology and preaching. Secondly, irresponsible applications of divine wrath may occur when we neglect to engage and understand the wrath of God as inseparable from God's justice and love in Christian theology and proclamation.

Romans 9-11 is one of the most controversial passages in Paul's corpus. Efforts to reconcile chapter 9 with chapter 11 are disparate, and the dearth of scholarly interest in the subject of wrath often perpetuates the Marcionite premise that wrath precludes mercy, a false antithesis that was foreign to Paul and especially skews interpretation of Romans. This presumed opposition leads scholars to find dithering dialectic, incompatible covenants, two Israels, or contradictory fantasy in Romans 9-11. How can a passage at the heart of the apostle's greatest letter have become so muddled? To help clear the fog, Paul and the Wrath replaces the simplistic wrath-mercy binary with a thicker, overlooked, and distinctly Jewish lens of remedial wrath, clarifying Paul's argument that God judges Israel in order to save Israel. To configure this lens properly, Thomas Dixon outlines a taxonomy of views on divine wrath and mercy around four ancient, representative interpreters, then surveys philosophies of wrath in Greco-Roman literature before examining a swathe of images in biblical and extrabiblical Jewish texts in which judgment advances mercy. The frequency of such imagery in these Jewish sources establishes a plausibility structure for finding similar theology in Paul, which leads Dixon to a new evaluation of Paul's argumentative logic in Romans 9-11 and elsewhere. This Jewish theology of judgment provides a wider window that can shed light on--and help resolve--a persistent division in Pauline scholarship over the apostle's understanding of mercy, works, and atonement. Paul and the Wrath offers clarity in a clouded arena of Pauline theology in order to foster more faithful reading of both Paul and Scripture as a whole.

We are at our human best when we give and forgive. But we live in a world in which it makes little sense to do either one. In our increasingly graceless culture, where can we find the motivation to give? And how do we learn to forgive when forgiving seems counterintuitive or even futile? A deeply personal yet profoundly thoughtful book, Free of Charge explores these questions--and the further questions to which they give rise--in light of God's generosity and Christ's sacrifice for us. Miroslav Volf draws from popular culture as well as from a wealth of literary and theological sources, weaving his rich reflections around the sturdy frame of Paul's vision of God's grace and Martin Luther's interpretation of that vision. Blending the best of theology and spirituality, he encourages us to echo in our own lives God's generous giving and forgiving. A fresh examination of two practices at the heart of the Christian faith--giving and forgiving--the Archbishop of Canterbury's Lenten study book for 2006 is at the same time an introduction to Christianity. Even more, it is a compelling invitation to Christian faith as a way of life. "Miroslav Volf, one of the most celebrated theologians of our day, offers us a unique interweaving of intense reflection, vivid and painfully personal stories and sheer celebration of the giving God . . . I cannot remember having read a better account of what it means to say that Jesus suffered for us in our place." -- Dr. Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury

This major contribution to Pauline scholarship by a widely-respected New Testament scholar is the culmination of over forty years of teaching on Paul. Brendan Byrne demonstrates that topics often discussed in Pauline studies and Christian theology go astray when the significance of the last judgment falls from view. Offering a fresh Catholic perspective that engages with centuries of Protestant interpretation, this book recaptures the significance of the motif of the last judgment for the interpretation of Paul.