External fixation is now being used widely to maintain fractures, osteo tomies, and arthrodeses in a desired position during consolidation. Whereas external fixation has been readily accepted in European countries, its use has weathered a rather stormy course in North America, especially in the treatment of fractures. Only recently has external fixation found its rightful place on this continent as well. Many different models are on the market today, and the practitioner is faced with a difficult decision in selecting a model. Should he buy a system where the fracture has to be reduced first, or should he work with a device permitting a reduction after insertion of the pins? To enable surgeons to study the different systems, to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and to permit them to put their hands on these devices and inspect them personally, the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ottawa organized an applied basic science course in May 1981, External Fixation of Fractures. During this course, all major systems were pre sented to the participants. As happened during the course "Internal Fixation of Fractures" held two years ago, the rigidity of internal fixation was frequently and intensively debated. Whereas the rigidity of internal fixation cannot be altered during the course of healing, the rigidity of external fixation can be changed. In fact, with progression of union, rods of increasing elasticity can be used.

Following a presentation of basic principles of fracture fixation and biomechanical principles the book turns to practical problemsolving areas, namely, the hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle and foot, and spine, and special problems in children. Internal fixation, including intramedullary nailing and the use of external fixation are described. Compound fractures are everyday problems, and the principles of their management and practical solutions deserve separate discussion. The value of microsurgical techniques has been underestimated by orthopaedic experts and the indications, choices, and procedures need to be put into proper perspectives.

A presentation of all aspects of neural crest cell origins (embryological and evolutionary) development and evolution; neural crest cell behavior (migration) and anomalies (neurocristopathies and birth defects) that arise from defective neural crest development. The treatment of development will include discussions of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest cells and structures derived from neural crest cells. The origins of the neural crest in embryology will be discussed using the recent information on the molecular basis of the specification of the neural crest. Also presented are the advances in our understanding of the evolution of jaws from studies on lampreys and of the neural crest from studies on ascidians and amphioxus.

External Fixation of the Pelvis and Extremities is a high-yield review of external fixation strategies for fracture care. The handbook provides vital pre-operative management techniques, reviews pertinent anatomy and safe zones of each region, presents classification systems for each fracture, and provides external fixation constructs for fixation. The book is divided into four sections: general concepts, the upper extremity, the pelvis, and the lower extremity. Presented in an outline format with numerous figures and charts—including images of frame constructs, fracture patterns, and surgical anatomy—the text is an essential resource in understanding and applying external fixation for patient care.

Following a presentation of basic principles of fracture fixation and biomechanical principles the book turns to practical problemsolving areas, namely, the hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle and foot, and spine, and special problems in children. Internal fixation, including intramedullary nailing and the use of external fixation are described. Compound fractures are everyday problems, and the principles of their management and practical solutions deserve separate discussion. The value of microsurgical techniques has been underestimated by orthopaedic experts and the indications, choices, and procedures need to be put into proper perspectives.

Orthofix External Fixation in Trauma and Orthopaedics provides the scientific basis behind the success of the Orthofix system of external fixators, which are now widely used throughout the world. These devices are used in the treatment of serious fractures, limb lengthening and limb reconstruction. This book covers comprehensively the wide range of scenarios in which such devices can be used. Each topic is dealt with by the appropriate international expert in the field. Orthofix External Fixation in Trauma and Orthopaedics should be read by all those involved in elective or traumatic orthopaedics.

An excellent book covering the biomechanical and clinical aspects of each ‘element’ of fracture fixation and informs on different effective methods of use in a very concise and lucid manner. Exceedingly valuable for postgraduate students, orthopaedic surgeons and teaching faculties as the book provides the basics and biomechanics of both new and old elements of fracture fixation. The simple sketches and descriptions will help the students and trainees to easily understand the basic and scientific rationales of modern operative fracture treatment. Techniques and implants involved in the management of fracture have been discussed in detail. Provides current knowledge on structure, design, material properties and functions of screws, plates, nails, wires and external fixators. Contains the relevant facts about commonly used implants in a simple and precise language. Essentially deals with metals used in fracture fixation and with the elements in some details. Deals with the structuring of the wreckage of the old bones. Highlights the different instruments used in fracture fixation along with the methods. New to this Edition New chapter on osteoporosis and fracture fixation. New topics included in this edition are: totally novel concepts of screw design and effective plate fixation, methods in osteoporotic bone stabilization, biomechanics of elastic stable intramedullary nail, innovative methods and devices to prevent cutout of sliding hip screw, fresh information on cable fixation and utilization of Kirschner wire, elements of ring fixator, latest materials in fracture treatment and contemporary norms of metal removal.