A MICHIGAN TEACHER TRAINING title Teachers are often in the forefront of today’s cross-cultural contact, whether in the language classroom or in the K–12 or university/college classroom, but they are not always prepared to handle the various issues that can arise in terms of cross-cultural communication. The intent of this book is to make education in cross-cultural awareness accessible to a broad range of teachers working in a variety of educational settings. Crossing Cultures in the Language Classroom attempts to balance theory and practice for pre-service and in-service teachers in general education programs or in ESL/EFL, bilingual, and foreign language teacher training programs, as well as cross-cultural awareness workshops. This book is unique in that it combines theory with a wide range of experiential activities and projects designed to actively engage users in the process of understanding different aspects of cross-cultural awareness. The goals of the book are to help readers: expand cultural awareness of one’s own culture and that of others achieve a deeper understanding of what culture is and the relationship between culture and language acquire the ability to observe behaviors in order to draw conclusions based on observation rather than preconceptions understand and implement observations of cultural similarities and differences develop an attitude of tolerance toward cultural differences and move away from the “single story.” The new edition has been thoroughly updated and includes a Suggested Projects section in each chapter. This section provides opportunities for users of the text to explore in greater depth an area and topic of interest. It also includes even more Critical Incidents--brief descriptions of events that depict some element or elements of cultural differences, miscommunication, or culture clash. Critical Incidents develop users’ ability to analyze and understand how multiple perspectives of the same situation are rooted in differing culturally influenced beliefs, behaviors, norms of interaction, and worldviews.

Humans are dependent on language and communication to survive. In fact, theyare the only species who use language with other members in order tocommunicate needs and wants. Language is a very interesting piece of life, largely because it is needed for survival, but it is not easily understood due to its complexity. It is believed that no one remembers the first language that people have learned, but according to experts, it actually begins at birth. Remembering how a person acquired a language is merely impossible because it was learned at a tenderage through interactions with the immediate environment.. These are usually the parents, siblings, and other adults in the early years of life of a person. Frombirth, babies begin to learn about communication from theenvironment and surroundings. They are also rewarded for communicating their needs.Thiscan be seen when babies communicate byshowing an emotional response such as crying, in order to get the attention of itsmother or father. Hence, communication creates a two-way relationship between the baby and its parents. However, humans are not born to speak words and sentences in order to seek for their wants, it is acquired over time throughout the first few years of their life.Thisshows that language is a skill that is learned earlier on in life, and manifests during the different stages of development of a person. There are other ways of communication also considered as verbal communication, this can be through body language, sign language, and showing of emotions (usually referred to as non-verbal communication.)For instance, when babies are born, they spend a lot of time crying in order to communicate their needs to their parents. This is becausethey don't know how to express their needsthrough speech. Despite that, theyknow how to get what they want before they could speak. Hence, Language has different aspects, which shows its complexity. These includereceptive and expressive languages which will later be discussed in an attempt to understand language learning and the stages in which it is acquired.Language is present in the daily lives of humans all over the world. No matter the country a person is born and raised in, there are languages that help different cultures to communicate their wants and needs to people within the same culture. While there can be communication between cultures, success is attained when people from a culture learn a second or third language so as to enhance communication.. The most fascinating thing about language is that despite its varying dialects, it can be acquired in similar ways across the world. Since it has been around for a very long time, it is usually an interesting topic for experts and researchers. Overtime, it has also become a subject that has been studied by many scientists, psycholinguists and researchers all around the world. Although there are thousands of different languages worldwide, the main purpose of language is common and simple: Humans need it to meet their basic needs of survival. This is done by communicating their wants which eventually leads to a happy and successful life. In the world today, there are so many languages and dialects, whichis well above 7,000and it helps humans to have proper communication.Babies enter the world knowing only how to communicate through noises such as crying and cooing in order to show their mood. The first noise that a mother hears is crying, and this is how a baby seeks for comfort from their care takers.Whether they are hungry, wants to be cuddled, or are unhappy with the temperature, light, or noise level within their current surrounding. Likewise they show when they are hungry and dissatisfied or happy and content. This causes the caretaker to take action and attempt to soothe the crying baby or reward the happy infant with smiles and cooing. Through this the baby knowswhat to do whenever it feels that way.As infants continue to grow, they learn other ways to communicate, through sounds and motions, which eventually turns into words and sentences in whatever language they have learned from those around them. There are many stages young children go through when learning a language. We often hear children mimicking the words and phrases of those around them, even when wethink that they are not listening or don't understand. Although humans don't realize it, language is used every day throughout our lives and it is a very powerful tool. We are so accustomed to language, that we do not even understand that it plays an integral role in our lives. No matter the language a person speaks, humans acquire communication skills by watching the behavior of others whom they trust and are together with. This is evident in the fact that there are many dialects spoken throughout our world. Children learn those dialects from listening to people around them. Another important aspect that affects the people which are present in a person's life in communicating is the accent. Children pick up accents from different regions of the world through their parents and adults that are near them when they start learning how to speak. There are many common accents that come from different regions of the world. Taking English language as anexample. A person from England has a specific way of speaking. . Thismay be different from someone who lives in the East Coast in the United States, these differences in accents show a listener where they are from. Someone who lives in or near Boston, Massachusetts has a different accent compared to someone who lives in New York City in New York. There is some kind of indication that dialects and accents are learned from those people who are around the environment and speak to a person which becomes his learning language. It is a common behavior for a toddler to copy the behavior or words and phrases uttered by their parents or siblings. They may also pick up ways in which those languages sound and use them in their own speech when that occurs. When mimicking, children are using language in an expressive way and attempting to discover what happens when they speak. If they are rewarded for speaking, they will continue to do so. Children who are negatively reinforced for speaking may become non-verbal. This shows that it is very important to treat children especiallyas they are learning to speak in order to encourage them to express themselves better.In this book, language will be discussed in order to pay a close attention to these popular theories and the different ways it is acquired through observation and behavior. The way language acquisition differs from various countries around the world will also be explored in order to understand how it differs throughout regions of various countries. Different stages of language acquisition for both first languages and second languages will also be explored in order to aid the understanding of language learning. Topics such as first and second language acquisition, stages, strategies and differences, will be discussed.Likewise the reason behind the difference oflanguages spoken across the globe and throughout different cultures and how to attain these similar communication skills will also be discussed. Young children from all over the world learn languages by being immersed and surrounded by it. While this is the most easily understood theory, other theories will be explored. Although humans also communicate in many different ways, there are language and speech disorders that may delay or alter ways in which some humans interconnect. These disorders and different ways of communication will also be discussed to show how those with language difficulties are able to survive since communication is an important aspect of survival.Likewise, the ways in which children learn to communicate through the latter years will be mentioned. Language is imperative to gaining knowledge, learning to read and write, and to be successful in life. Research also shows that there may be a correlation between language acquisition and intelligence. Another important point to discuss will be language acquisition in early childhood education and throughout the educational career. Teachers are often responsible for teaching parts of language so that students can be successful in the academic world and beyond. In school, children learn about grammar, vocabulary, and written communication including handwriting, gathering and organizing ideas, and expressing ideas and opinions through their writing. Strategies to properly and effectively gain communication skills within school will be discussed. There are many research-based approaches that are known to be efficient in helping children develop and be successful in language skills.Summarily, Language is an imperative and integral part of life all over the world. As humans, we need it to survive and to communicate our daily needs and wants. Understanding how important communication is to a person's life aids our comprehension of language. The rest of it such as its history and how it is acquired is not so simple.

The ability to effectively communicate with individuals from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds is an invaluable asset. Learning a second language proves useful as students navigate the culturally diverse world; however, studying a second language can be difficult for learners who are not immersed in the real and natural environment of the foreign language. Also, changes in education and advancements in information and communication technologies pose a number of challenges for implementing and maintaining sound practices within technology-enhanced language learning (TELL). Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning provides information on educational technologies that enable language learners to have access to authentic and useful language resources. Readers will explore themes such as language pedagogy, how specific and universal cultural contexts influence audio-visual media used in technology-enhanced language learning (TELL), and the use of English video games to promote foreign language learning. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, education practitioners, advanced-level students, and school administrators seeking to improve language learning through technology-based resources.

Chart a Path for Language Success Are you excited to minister in another culture, but worried about learning the language of the people you are going to serve? A new culture and a new language will change you and your family in dramatic ways. But in this book, Jan Dormer, veteran missionary and language learning specialist, dispels common myths about second language acquisition (SLA) and shares a hopeful outlook. Language Learning in Ministry is essential for learning a new language. With chapters on both formal and informal language learning to guide the selection of language schools, programs, and methodologies, Dr. Dormer walks you through the options, opportunities, and challenges ahead. Special attention is given to: Viewing language learning through a ministry lens Language development of children and families’ needs, including schooling options and opportunities for MKs to learn the local language Personal application—walking readers through decision-making processes to chart a path for success in language learning Rich resources, such as language proficiency scales, language learning methodologies, and online resources A task-based language learning curriculum that can be adapted to any language Do not let language learning be a desert of waiting, but rather a launchpad for ministry opportunities. Utilizing the knowledge and guidance provided in this book will minimize your stress, increase the potential for your success in acquiring a new language, and fuel your ministry.

The updated second edition of this popular resource offers practical advice for working with children and families of diverse heritage. With insight from their own racial, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds, the chapter authors contribute wisdom about the influence of different cultures on people's beliefs, values, and behaviors. Their knowledge helps professionals learn how to embrace diversity in intervention services and foster respectful and effective interactions with people of many cultures. Widely used in preservice and in-service settings, Developing Cross-Cultural Competence is invaluable as a textbook in graduate and undergraduate courses in general and special education, social work, child development, psychology, family studies, and public health and ideal as a guide for human services professionals, home visitors, paraprofessionals, and program administrators who work with children with disabilities.

This volume presents the very important issue of integrating culture into the second language classroom. Some of its chapters were originally presented at two symposia on culture learning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Culture learning in the Second Language Curriculum, held at the University of Minnesota in 1991 and 1994. Other chapters were developed at a third conference, Culture as the Core: Transforming the Language Curriculum. The latter brought scholars and practitioners together to reflect on the earlier theoretical discussions, refine those ideas in light of subsequent theoretical developments, and translate theory into classroom practice.