Smart materials stimulated by chemical or biological signals are of interest for their many applications including drug delivery, as well as in new sensors and actuators for environmental monitoring, process and food control, and medicine. In contrast to other books on responsive materials, this volume concentrates on materials which are stimulated by chemical or biological signals. Chemoresponsive Materials introduces the area with chapters covering different responsive material systems including hydrogels, organogels, membranes, thin layers, polymer brushes, chemomechanical and imprinted polymers, nanomaterials, silica particles, as well as carbohydrate- and bio-based systems. Many promising applications are highlighted, with an emphasis on drug delivery, sensors and actuators. With contributions from internationally known experts, the book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in academia, healthcare and industry interested in functional materials and their applications.

With contributions from internationally known experts, this revised and updated edition introduces readers to materials which are stimulated by chemical or biological signals.

Smart materials stimulated by chemical or by logical signals hold promise for many applications, including new sensors and actuators for medicine, environmental and process control. In contrast to other books on responsive materials which are restricted to sensing, this volume not only highlights fundamental chemical and physical principles but also focuses on the use of smart materials for applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, cell adhesion, tuneable vesicles, surface control, smart paints and glasses, separations, oil recovery and artificial muscles. In this completely updated and expanded edition, readers are introduced to the area with chapters reflecting the enormous expansion of the field in recent years. Different responsive material systems will be covered including hydrogels, membranes, thin layers, polymer brushes, chemomechanical and imprinted polymers, nanomaterials and silica particles. With contributions from internationally recognised experts, the book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in academia, healthcare and industry interested in functional materials and their applications.

Smart materials are of significant interest and this is the first textbook to provide a comprehensive graduate level view of topics that relate to this field. Fundamentals of Smart Materials consists of a workbook and solutions manual covering the basics of different functional material systems aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. Topics include piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, mechanochromic materials, thermochromic materials, chemomechanical polymers and self-healing materials. Each chapter provides an introduction to the material, its applications and uses with example problems, fabrication and manufacturing techniques, conclusions, homework problems and a bibliography. Edited by a leading researcher in smart materials, the textbook can be adopted by teachers in materials science and engineering, chemistry, physics and chemical engineering.

Assuming no mathematical or chemistry knowledge, this book introduces complete beginners to the field of petroleum engineering. Written in a straightforward style, the author takes a practical approach to the subject avoiding complex mathematics to achieve a text that is robust without being intimidating. Covering traditional petroleum engineering topics, readers of this book will learn about the formation and characteristics of petroleum reservoirs, the chemical properties of petroleum, the processes involved in the exploitation of reservoirs, post-extraction processing, industrial safety, and the long-term outlook for the oil and gas production. The descriptions and discussions are informed by considering the production histories of several fields including the Ekofisk field in the North Sea, the Wyburn Field in Canada, the Manifa Field in Saudi Arabia and the Wilmington Field off the Californian Coast. The factors leading up to the well blowouts on board the Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Mantara Field in the Timor Sea are also examined. With a glossary to explain key words and concepts, this book is a perfect introduction for newcomers to a petroleum engineering course, as well as non-specialists in industry. Professor David Shallcross is one of the foremost practitioners in chemical engineering education worldwide. Readers of this book will find his previous book, Chemical Engineering Explained, a useful companion.

Computational chemistry calculations can be used to elucidate how organic molecules orientate at interfaces and respond to an external stimuli, but this capability is not widely leveraged in the design of soft material interfaces. One promising platform to study these interactions is chemoresponsive liquid crystals (LCs). LCs are fluid phases within which molecules exhibit preferred orientations in the bulk. The orientations of LCs can be manipulated by molecular interactions occurring at interfaces. Therefore, LCs are capable of providing insight into molecular events at solid-liquid crystal interfaces by amplifying changes at the surface into the macroscopic-scale, which can be transduced optically. These chemoresponsive LCs can also act as gas sensors because a desired analyte can bind or react at an interface to disrupt the LC ordering causing an optical transition. This also provides a unique opportunity to study how interfacial properties can change depending on reaction thermochemistry and kinetics.In this dissertation, we utilize first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, transport modeling, microkinetic modeling, and reaction kinetic experiments to elucidate detailed atomic-scale surface structures and reactivity of LC chemoresponsive materials to design new materials with optimal properties such as high sensitivity and selectivity to a desired analyte. This methodology was used to successfully design LC chemoresponsive materials to new analytes (SO2, Cl2, O3, or H2). While these LC chemoresponsive materials typically operate based on disruption of the LC ordering via displacement of the strongly bound LC molecules by the analyte, we also discuss new mechanisms. This includes developing new chemoresponsive LC systems with reactive surfaces (metals, alloys, and metal oxides) and developing of detection mechanisms that either operate on simple elementary reactions (e.g. Cl2 or H2 dissociation), oxidation of the surface (e.g. O3 or Cl2 oxidation of metal salt surfaces), reaction between two analytes at the surface (e.g. SO2 + H2O reaction), or even a more complex reaction (e.g. hydrogenation of the benzonitrile group). Our insights from this study demonstrate a fundamental convergence between principles governing functional interfaces with those governing heterogeneous catalysis.

This book provides the readers with a timely guide to the application and integration of interdisciplinary principles from the fields of kinetic design, mechanics, energy and materials engineering in the fields of architecture and engineering design. It explores the potential integration of autoreactive solutions, unpowered kinetic systems triggered by changes in the surrounding latent energy conditions, within man-made artefacts with added functionality and efficiency. Related interdisciplinary parameters are explored discussing morphology, mechanics, energy and materials in detail. Each chapter examines the implications of autoreactivity in one specific field, providing a general overview and listing relevant motion design parameters and identifying for the reader those aspects that have a high potential to open up for new design directions. The book guides readers through a highly multidisciplinary field of design, offering an extraordinary resource of knowledge for professional architects, engineers and designers, as well as for university teachers, researchers and students. Interdisciplinary research is presented throughout the book as a powerful resource that can serve architecture and design, and a learning method to rethink innovative, optimal and sustainable solutions.