Cerium - Chemistry, Technology, Geology, Soil Science and Economics illustrates the global interest in rare earth elements. The first section on potential new mining resources focuses on the global issues of rare earth element scarcity and procurement pollution because of rare earth element ion exchange deposits. The section on the technology and utilization of rare earth elements addresses research on the usage of rare earth elements in emerging technologies involving medicine, digital technology, and chemistry. The research also presents the rapid development of emerging technologies that require rare earth elements and the social issues that arise because of these technologies.

Knowledge of the basic interactions that take place between geological materials and different substances is the first step in understanding the effects of adsorption and other interfacial processes on the quality of rocks and soils, and on driving these processes towards a beneficial or neutral result. Interfacial Chemistry of Rocks and Soils examines the different processes at solid and liquid interfaces of soil and rock, presenting a complete analysis that emphasizes the importance of chemical species on these interactions. Summarizing the results and knowledge of the authors’ research in this field over several decades, this volume: Explores the individual components of the studied systems: the solid, the solution, and the interface Discusses the characteristics and thermodynamics of the interface Illustrates the kinetic aspects of interfacial reactions Examines interfacial processes in a montmorillonite model system Demonstrates transformations initiated by interfacial processes Studies interfacial processes of real rock and soil solution systems Outlines avenues of treatment that may solve geological, soil science, and environmental problems Profiles the most important analytical methods in the study of interfacial processes Previous books in this area typically focus on selected aspects of the subject, such as the properties of the solid phase, or the interactions of selected substances with soil/rock. This book comprehensively treats the soil-liquid-interface system. Drawn chiefly from the authors’ years of research at the Isotope Laboratory in the Department of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry at the University of Debrecen in Hungary, this book discusses chemical reactions on the surfaces/interfaces of soils and rocks; examines the role of these processes in environmental, colloid and geochemistry; and explores the effects on agricultural, environmental and industrial applications.

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As the importance and dependence of specific mineral commodities increase, so does concern about their supply. The United States is currently 100 percent reliant on foreign sources for 20 mineral commodities and imports the majority of its supply of more than 50 mineral commodities. Mineral commodities that have important uses and face potential supply disruption are critical to American economic and national security. However, a mineral commodity's importance and the nature of its supply chain can change with time; a mineral commodity that may not have been considered critical 25 years ago may be critical today, and one considered critical today may not be so in the future. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced this volume to describe a select group of mineral commodities currently critical to our economy and security. For each mineral commodity covered, the authors provide a comprehensive look at (1) the commodity's use; (2) the geology and global distribution of the mineral deposit types that account for the present and possible future supply of the commodity; (3) the current status of production, reserves, and resources in the United States and globally; and (4) environmental considerations related to the commodity's production from different types of mineral deposits. The volume describes U.S. critical mineral resources in a global context, for no country can be self-sufficient for all its mineral commodity needs, and the United States will always rely on global mineral commodity supply chains. This volume provides the scientific understanding of critical mineral resources required for informed decisionmaking by those responsible for ensuring that the United States has a secure and sustainable supply of mineral commodities.