An exhilarating, elegant memoir and a significant polemic on how computers and algorithms shape our understanding of the world and of who we are Bitwise is a wondrous ode to the computer lan­guages and codes that captured technologist David Auerbach’s imagination. With a philoso­pher’s sense of inquiry, Auerbach recounts his childhood spent drawing ferns with the pro­gramming language Logo on the Apple IIe, his adventures in early text-based video games, his education as an engineer, and his contribu­tions to instant messaging technology devel­oped for Microsoft and the servers powering Google’s data stores. A lifelong student of the systems that shape our lives—from the psy­chiatric taxonomy of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to how Facebook tracks and profiles its users—Auerbach reflects on how he has experienced the algorithms that taxonomize human speech, knowledge, and behavior and that compel us to do the same. Into this exquisitely crafted, wide-ranging memoir of a life spent with code, Auerbach has woven an eye-opening and searing examina­tion of the inescapable ways in which algo­rithms have both standardized and coarsened our lives. As we engineer ever more intricate technology to translate our experiences and narrow the gap that divides us from the ma­chine, Auerbach argues, we willingly erase our nuances and our idiosyncrasies—precisely the things that make us human.

An exhilarating, elegant memoir and a significant polemic on how computers and algorithms shape our understanding of the world and of who we are Bitwise is a wondrous ode to the computer lan­guages and codes that captured technologist David Auerbach’s imagination. With a philoso­pher’s sense of inquiry, Auerbach recounts his childhood spent drawing ferns with the pro­gramming language Logo on the Apple IIe, his adventures in early text-based video games, his education as an engineer, and his contribu­tions to instant messaging technology devel­oped for Microsoft and the servers powering Google’s data stores. A lifelong student of the systems that shape our lives—from the psy­chiatric taxonomy of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to how Facebook tracks and profiles its users—Auerbach reflects on how he has experienced the algorithms that taxonomize human speech, knowledge, and behavior and that compel us to do the same. Into this exquisitely crafted, wide-ranging memoir of a life spent with code, Auerbach has woven an eye-opening and searing examina­tion of the inescapable ways in which algo­rithms have both standardized and coarsened our lives. As we engineer ever more intricate technology to translate our experiences and narrow the gap that divides us from the ma­chine, Auerbach argues, we willingly erase our nuances and our idiosyncrasies—precisely the things that make us human.

To-the-point, authoritative, no-nonsense solutions have always been a trademark of O'Reilly books. The In a Nutshell books have earned a solid reputation in the field as the well-thumbed references that sit beside the knowledgeable developer's keyboard. C++ in a Nutshell lives up to the In a Nutshell promise. C++ in a Nutshell is a lean, focused reference that offers practical examples for the most important, most often used, aspects of C++.C++ in a Nutshell packs an enormous amount of information on C++ (and the many libraries used with it) in an indispensable quick reference for those who live in a deadline-driven world and need the facts but not the frills.The book's language reference is organized first by topic, followed by an alphabetical reference to the language's keywords, complete with syntax summaries and pointers to the topic references. The library reference is organized by header file, and each library chapter and class declaration presents the classes and types in alphabetical order, for easy lookup. Cross-references link related methods, classes, and other key features. This is an ideal resource for students as well as professional programmers.When you're programming, you need answers to questions about language syntax or parameters required by library routines quickly. What, for example, is the C++ syntax to define an alias for a namespace? Just how do you create and use an iterator to work with the contents of a standard library container? C++ in a Nutshell is a concise desktop reference that answers these questions, putting the full power of this flexible, adaptable (but somewhat difficult to master) language at every C++ programmer's fingertips.

This book explains how the binary works and how it is used by computers to represent information including positive and negative integers, characters and real numbers. It explains the logical and bitwise operations used to manipulate information and perform arithmetic. We also briefly look at how computers store this information in memory and secondary storage, and how it can be transmitted between computers. Topics covered include: INTRODUCING NUMBER BASES AND BINARY CONVERTING FROM BINARY TO DENARY AND VICE-VERSA How to Convert a Binary Number to Denary How to Convert a Denary Number to Binary HOW COMPUTERS GROUP BINARY DIGITS A Closer Look at Bytes A Closer Look at Words * Word alignment, word alignment and packing, byte ordering and endianness Addresses BOOLEAN OPERATIONS AND LOGIC GATES Fundamentals of Boolean Algebra * NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, NXOR Combining Logic Gates * NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NOR using NAND logic Logical Versus Bitwise Operations Using Bitwise Operations to Set, Clear, Flip or Test Bits * Setting bits, inverting bits, clearing bits, testing bits ADDING AND SUBTRACTING IN BINARY Adding Binary Integers * The column addition method of adding denary numbers and adding binary numbers, implementing binary addition using logic gates Subtracting Binary Integers * The column subtraction methods of subtracting denary numbers and subtracting binary numbers, implementing binary subtraction using logic gates SHIFT OPERATIONS Left Shift Right Shift Circular Shifts MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION IN BINARY Multiplication * Multiplying by a power of 2, column multiplication, Russian peasant multiplication algorithm, multiplication in hardware Division * Dividing by a power of 2, denary long division, binary long division, algorithm for binary long division, division in hardware REPRESENTING CHARACTERS AND STRINGS OF CHARACTERS Representing Individual Characters * ASCII, extended ASCIIs, BCDIC and other early character encodings, EBCDIC, Unicode Representing Strings of Characters * Terminated strings, length-prefixed strings, other string representations REPRESENTING TEXT AND GRAPHICS ON SCREEN Text Mode Displays Bitmap Displays PARITY CHECKING What is a Parity Bit Even and Odd Parity Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of Using Parity Checking Parity's Use in RAID Storage Devices Unused Parity Bits SIGNED INTEGERS Offset Binary Signed Magnitude Representation One's Complement Two's Complement Other Representations of Signed Numbers * Base -2, signed-digit representation REAL NUMBERS Fixed Point Representation Floating Point Representation Rational Data Type Logarithmic Number Systems DENARY ENCODINGS AND DECIMAL DATA TYPES Why Use Denary Representations of Real Numbers? Binary Encodings of Denary * Serial decimal, two-out-of-five, bi-quinary, character-based encodings of denary, binary-Coded Decimal (BCD), Chen-Ho Encoding, Densely Packed Decimal (DPD) and excess-3 Decimal Data Types * Which numbers can be exactly represented in fixed and floating point? * How inexact? * Issues with inexact representation * Decimal representation DATA STRUCTURES Structs Arrays Linked Lists and More Complex Structures * Limitations of arrays, introducing linked lists, singly and doubly linked lists, more complex data structures TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY Magnetic-Core Memory and Core Rope Memory RAM * DRAM and SRAM ROM * Mask-programmed ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory SECONDARY STORAGE Sequential Storage * Punched tape, magnetic tape Random Access Storage * Magnetic disk, optical disk, solid state drives, flash memory and cloud Storage MEASURING MEMORY AND STORAGE DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Serial Communication Parallel Communication MEASURING TRANSFER RATES Baud

With breadth and depth of coverage, the Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Second Edition has a multi-disciplinary scope, drawing together comprehensive coverage of the inter-related aspects of computer science and technology. The topics covered in this encyclopedia include: General and reference Hardware Computer systems organization Networks Software and its engineering Theory of computation Mathematics of computing Information systems Security and privacy Human-centered computing Computing methodologies Applied computing Professional issues Leading figures in the history of computer science The encyclopedia is structured according to the ACM Computing Classification System (CCS), first published in 1988 but subsequently revised in 2012. This classification system is the most comprehensive and is considered the de facto ontological framework for the computing field. The encyclopedia brings together the information and historical context that students, practicing professionals, researchers, and academicians need to have a strong and solid foundation in all aspects of computer science and technology.

Ruby is famous for being easy to learn, but most users only scratch the surface of what it can do. While other books focus on Ruby's trendier features, The Book of Ruby reveals the secret inner workings of one of the world's most popular programming languages, teaching you to write clear, maintainable code. You'll start with the basics—types, data structures, and control flows—and progress to advanced features like blocks, mixins, metaclasses, and beyond. Rather than bog you down with a lot of theory, The Book of Ruby takes a hands-on approach and focuses on making you productive from day one. As you follow along, you’ll learn to: –Leverage Ruby's succinct and flexible syntax to maximize your productivity –Balance Ruby's functional, imperative, and object-oriented features –Write self-modifying programs using dynamic programming techniques –Create new fibers and threads to manage independent processes concurrently –Catch and recover from execution errors with robust exception handling –Develop powerful web applications with the Ruby on Rails framework Each chapter includes a "Digging Deeper" section that shows you how Ruby works under the hood, so you'll never be caught off guard by its deceptively simple scoping, multithreading features, or precedence rules. Whether you're new to programming or just new Ruby, The Book of Ruby is your guide to rapid, real-world software development with this unique and elegant language.

The Deitels' groundbreaking "How to Program" series offers unparalleled breadth and depth of programming concepts and intermediate-level topics for further study. The books in this series feature hundreds of complete, working programs with thousands of lines of code. Includes strong treatment of structured algorithm and program development in ANSI/ISO C with 150 working C programs. New chapters added for C99 and game programming with the Allegro C Library. Includes rich, 300-page treatment of object-oriented programming in C++. Presents each new concept in the context of a complete, working program, immediately followed by one or more windows showing the program's input/output dialog. Enhances the "Live-Code Approach" with syntax coloring. Provides Helpful Programming Tips, all marked by icons: Good Programming Practices, Common Programming Errors, Error-Prevention Tips, Performance Tips, Portability Tips, Software Engineering Observations, Look and Feel Observations. A valuable reference for programmers and anyone interested in learning the C programming language.