In recent years, a wave of reforms known as 'nudges' or 'behavioural interventions' have emerged in public policy and administration. 'Nudge' policies are created to lightly influence groups in society to change their behaviour, using behavioural insights to solve complex policy problems. Generally, behavioural approaches focus on the psychology underlying the implementation and effects of policies in practice. First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics journal, this book situates these reforms within a broader tradition of methodological individualism. With contributions from international scholars, it demonstrates that when behavioural policies expand their focus beyond the individual, they have the potential to better understand, investigate, and shape social outcomes.

How can public administration (P.A.) nudge government to govern fundamentally better in terms of policy? How critical is P.A. contemplation and nudges - prods, shoves or hammer blows - to government-in-context? In this book, David John Farmer argues that government-in-context refers to government-in-totality, to what governs even if not called government and to what constrains government action. Constricting contextual features are infiltration, exfiltration and post-truth, raising questions relating to democracy. Infiltration into government is the action of gaining access that benefits big corporations, their owners and billionaires; findings are that it also mal-nudges government action through such elements as big money, lobbying, tax breaks and embrace of the free market. Reacting to factors like growing income inequality, what is explained as exfiltration occurs for middle- and lower-income people. Post-truth is noted as the Oxford Dictionary's word of the year for 2016, describing people concerned less with truths than with opinions. The book analyzes three practical "hammer blow" and 18 "shove" nudges to contradict the mal-nudges. Beyond Public Administration will be of interest to P.A. scholars and graduate students, more specifically those interested in critical, normative, or interpretive scholarship focused on various aspects of P.A. theory, governance, and practical management.

In this accessible collection, leading academic economists, psychologists and philosophers apply behavioural economic findings to practical policy concerns.

Behavioural sciences help refine our understanding of human decision-making. Their insights are immensely relevant for policy-making since public intervention works much better when it targets real people rather than imaginary beings assumed to be perfectly rational. Increasingly, governments around the world are keen to rely on those insights for reshaping public interventions in a wide range of policy areas such as energy, health, financial services and data protection. When policy-making meets behavioural sciences, effective and low-cost regulations can emerge in the form of default rules, smart disclosure and simplification requirements. While behaviourally-informed intervention has a huge potential for policymaking, it also attracts legitimacy and practicability concerns. Nudge and the Law takes a European perspective on those issues and explores the legal implications of the emergent phenomenon of behavioural regulation by focusing on the challenges and opportunities it may offer to EU policy-making and beyond.

To promote behavioural change and improve decision making, we must work with the subconscious. Inclusion Nudges target the advantages and shortcomings of our unconscious mind and decision-making processes in order to obtain the desired and needed changes. In this Guidebook, the concept and the three types of Inclusion Nudges are fully explained and illustrated with over 70 practical interventions to promote behaviour, culture, and systems change to mitigate unconscious bias and create more inclusive organisations. The Inclusion Nudges Guidebook is for those who...* Struggle with getting a change to 'stick'.* Want to improve decision making and performance.* Are challenged with translating an ideal goal into behaviors to achieve that goal.* Find it hard to understand what motivates people to make decisions.* Want to get more people engaged in their work. Everyone can learn to design Inclusion Nudges. We believe that if all internal agents of organisational change master these techniques, our actions and behaviours will better leverage the full potential of all people, thereby producing more successful organisations.For this innovative concept and work, the authors, Lisa Kepinski & Tinna C. Nielsen, have been named to The Economist's Global Diversity List as "Top 10 Diversity Consultants" in November 2015.

A surprising and intriguing examination of how scarcity—and our flawed responses to it—shapes our lives, our society, and our culture