"An objective, well-documented work . . . likely to remain a classic source for the general public, researchers, & serious students of the area."-Perspective.

The term "Middle East" allows the inclusion of Turkey and other non-Arab countries- in addition to the Arab countries -into a wider system of regional interactions than that of the Arab system. The "Middle East" terminology started gaining increased attention than it did a century ago. Now, it is acquiring renewed attention after facing several setbacks along the 20th century. With the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of Ataturk's new regime in Turkey and Arab nationalism, conflicts between the Turks and the Arabs took place. A third party, The European Colonialism- under the auspices of mandate- was the beneficiary, while a complete blockage damaged Arab- Turkish relations. During the cold war, the gap between the Turkish and the Arab side was deepened with the creation of the state of Israel and the radical Arab nationalists' orientations and policies. The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed the reconstruction of bridges and a relaxation in the Turkish- Arab relations. Since 1991 a Turkish initiative towards the Arab world -which was met by a positive Arab response- started and deepened relations. The end of the cold war, the consequences of the Gulf crisis and the launching of the Madrid peace process affected the relations between both sides.By the end of the 20th century and in the light of the experiences of the evolution of Arab- Turkish relations, we can conclude that foreign influences and interventions that had consequently reshaped the regional context have had a major impact on Arab- Turkish relations and on the reciprocal perspectives and positions towards regional issues. The Ottoman Empire history- whether the periods of strength or weakness- provided us with memories of historical experiences which proved that foreign interventions had negatively affected the Arab-Turkish relations.Our actual interest in the "Middle East after 9/11" is an interest in a new critical period where the region is facing a serious reshaping process imposed by the American Power and its Allies. Hence, major foreign intervention is radically affecting regional balances and internal systems. So, the launching of the American initiative for a "Greater Middle East" is considered, after the occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq, as the third step in applying the global American strategy after 9/11. Accordingly, determining the nature of the Egyptian and the Turkish positions towards such a Middle Eastern context that the US is planning for, will be the main concern of this paper.

Contributors, including C. Ernest Dawn, Mahmoud Haddad, Reeva Simon, and Beth Baron, provide a broad survey of the Arab world at the turn of the century, permitting a comparison of developments in a variety of settings from Syria and Egypt to the Hijaz, Libya, and Iraq.

Arabs and Young Turks provides a detailed study of Arab politics in the late Ottoman Empire as viewed from the imperial capital in Istanbul. In an analytical narrative of the Young Turk period (1908-1918) historian Hasan Kayali discusses Arab concerns on the one hand and the policies of the Ottoman government toward the Arabs on the other. Kayali's novel use of documents from the Ottoman archives, as well as Arabic sources and Western and Central European documents, enables him to reassess conventional wisdom on this complex subject and to present an original appraisal of proto-nationalist ideologies as the longest-living Middle Eastern dynasty headed for collapse. He demonstrates the persistence and resilience of the supranational ideology of Islamism which overshadowed Arab and Turkish ethnic nationalism in this crucial transition period. Kayali's study reaches back to the nineteenth century and highlights both continuity and change in Arab-Turkish relations from the reign of Abdulhamid II to the constitutional period ushered in by the revolution of 1908. Arabs and Young Turks is essential for an understanding of contemporary issues such as Islamist politics and the continuing crises of nationalism in the Middle East.