Anaerobic digestion in the kraft pulp and paper industry

Anaerobic digestion in the kraft pulp and paper industry
Title Anaerobic digestion in the kraft pulp and paper industry PDF eBook
Author Eva-Maria Ekstrand
Publisher Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages 50
Release 2019-05-07
Genre
ISBN 9176850633

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The pulp and paper industry is a large producer of wastewater and sludge, putting high pressure on waste treatment. In addition, more rigorous environmental legislation for pollution control and demands to increase the use of renewable energy have put further pressure on the pulp and paper industry’s waste treatment, where anaerobic digestion (AD) and the production of methane could pose a solution. Kraft pulping makes up 80% of the world production of virgin wood pulp, thus, the wastewaters from this sector represent a large unused potential for methane production. There are three main types of substrates available for AD at pulp and paper mills, the wastewaters, the primary sludge/fibre sludge, and the waste activated sludge. AD treatment of these streams has been associated with several challenges, such as the presence of inhibiting compounds or low degradability during AD. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally address these challenges and potentials, focusing on wastes from kraft mills. Methane potential batch tests showed that many wastewater streams still posed challenges to AD, but the alkaline elemental chlorine-free bleaching stream and the condensate effluents had good methane potentials. Further, the methane potential of kraft mill fibre sludge was high, and co-digestion of kraft mill fibre sludge and waste activated sludge was feasible in stirred tank reactors with sludge recirculation. By increasing the organic loading in a pilot-scale activated sludge facility and thereby lowering the sludge age, the degradability of the waste activated sludge was improved. The higher wastewater treatment capacity achieved by this method provides an opportunity for the mills to increase their pulp and paper production. Further, by dewatering the digestate after AD and returning the liquid to the activated sludge treatment, costs for nutrient supplementation can be reduced. In conclusion, the thesis shows that AD of wastes from the kraft pulp and paper industry was feasible and carried many benefits regarding the generation of methane as a renewable energy carrier, improved wastewater treatment and reduced costs. Different strategies on how AD may be implemented in the kraft pulp and paper industry were formulated and discussed. Produktionen av pappers- och massa genererar stora mängder avloppsvatten, vilket ställer höga krav på en effektiv vattenrening. Därtill har skärpta regler för utsläpp till vatten och luft tillsammans med en ökad efterfrågan på användning av förnyelsebar energi ytterligare ökat trycket på vattenreningen inom pappers-och massaindustrin, där anaerob nedbrytning med metanproduktion som följd skulle kunna utgöra en lösning. Produktionen av sulfatmassa (en kemiskt kokad pappersmassa) utgör 80% av den globala nyproduktionen av massa, vilket innebär att avloppsvatten från denna sektor representerar en stor outnyttjad potential för metanproduktion. Det finns huvudsakligen tre typer av substrat tillgängliga för rötning vid pappers- och massabruk, avloppsvatten, primärslam/fiberslam, och aktivt slam/överskottsslam. Flera utmaningar är kopplade till anaerob nedbrytning av dess strömmar, såsom förekomst av inhiberande ämnen eller låg nedbrytbarhet. Målet med avhandlingen var att bemöta dessa utmaningar, med ett särskilt fokus på behandling av avloppsströmmar från sulfatbruk. Metanpotentialtester visade att många av avloppsvattnen fortfarande var svåra att behandla med anaerob nedbrytning, men att alkaliska blekeriströmmar och kondensatströmmar vid sulfatbruk visade lovande metanpotentialer. Massafiber från sulfatoch sulfitbruk uppvisade höga metanpotentialer, och en stabil kontinuerlig samrötning av fiberslam och aktivt slam från sulfatbruk uppnåddes vid hög organisk belastning och låg hydraulisk uppehållstid i omrörda tankreaktorer med slamåterföring. Resultaten visade vidare att den låga nedbrytbarheten hos aktivt slam kunde bemötas genom att sänka slamåldern i den luftade anläggningen, med högre metanpotential i slammet som följd. Via denna metodik erhålles en högre vattenreningskapacitet, vilket innebär att bruken kan öka sin produktion av papper och massa. Dessutom kan rötresten avvattnas och den kvarvarande vätskan återföras till den luftade anläggningen för att minska behovet av näringstillsatser. Sammanfattningsvis visar avhandlingen att anaerob nedbrytning av avloppsströmmar från sulfatbruk var fullt möjlig och innebar många fördelar, i form av metanproduktion, förbättrad kapacitet för vattenrening och reducerade kostnader jämfört med dagens teknik. Olika möjligheter för implementering av anaerob teknik vid sulfatbruk har också formulerats och diskuterats.

Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry

Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry
Title Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry PDF eBook
Author Pratima Bajpai
Publisher Springer
Total Pages 0
Release 2017-03-23
Genre Science
ISBN 9789811041297

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This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Anaerobic Digestion of Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Sludges

Anaerobic Digestion of Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Sludges
Title Anaerobic Digestion of Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Sludges PDF eBook
Author Donald C. Taylor
Publisher
Total Pages 490
Release 1990
Genre Anaerobic bacteria
ISBN

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The Anaerobic Digestion of a Semichemical Pulp Mill Waste

The Anaerobic Digestion of a Semichemical Pulp Mill Waste
Title The Anaerobic Digestion of a Semichemical Pulp Mill Waste PDF eBook
Author Benjamin T. Sharp
Publisher
Total Pages 242
Release 1949
Genre Anaerobic bacteria
ISBN

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Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Mills

Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Mills
Title Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Mills PDF eBook
Author
Publisher
Total Pages 66
Release 2015
Genre Electronic books
ISBN 9789176859254

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Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry

Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry
Title Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry PDF eBook
Author Pratima Bajpai
Publisher Springer
Total Pages 106
Release 2017-03-14
Genre Science
ISBN 981104130X

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This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic Digestion
Title Anaerobic Digestion PDF eBook
Author Daniel J. Caruana
Publisher
Total Pages 0
Release 2012
Genre Sewage
ISBN 9781613244203

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process that happens naturally when bacteria breaks down organic matter in environments with little or no oxygen. It is effectively a controlled and enclosed version of the anaerobic breakdown of organic waste in landfills which release methane. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the processes, products and application of anaerobic activity. Topics discussed include the anaerobic treatment of wastewater; a scientific review of the agronomic, environmental and social benefits of anaerobic digestion and the microbial aspects of anaerobic digestion for biogas production.