This study is an outgrowth of an interest in the question of access to the sea developed by the author during a ten-month sojourn during 1962 and 1963 as American Vice Consul in Antofagasta, Chile. During this period he had the opportunity to visit Peru three times and Bolivia twice. This experience, supplemented by research in many libraries in New York, Washington and California and by interviews, documents and other reference materials, resulted in a detailed study of Bolivia's campaign for an outlet to the sea. 1 The present study has drawn some material from the earlier one, but is such an elaborate expansion of it that it might well be considered a wholly new effort. The effort was made because the problem of access to the sea has become more critical since the Second World War as the emphasis on trade and economic development has grown while at the same time many new land-locked states were being born. There have, moreover, been more threatened and actual interferences with free transit during this period than during the preceding half century and more. A thorough examination of the subject seemed in order, then, as an aid to an understanding of the problems involved and as a guide to future attempts to resolve them. In addition to a general survey of the question, three case studies have been included both as illustrations of many of these problems and as specific situations by which to test proposed solutions.

The Belt and Road Initiative and the Law of the Sea offers insightful discussions on the use of oceans in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative covering navigational safety, marine energy and sea ports, maritime law enforcement and access of landlocked states to the sea.

& Quot;The Transit Regime for Landlocked States" assesses the strengths and limits of existing international law related to the free access of landlocked states to and from the sea. The book analyzes whether the provisions of international law satisfy the economic demands of landlocked states, the majority of which are among the world's poorest nations. The book reviews the several principles of international law that dominated the evolution of the rights of access. It discusses both general and specific conventions, as well as treaty regimes emanating therefrom, and examines some restrict.

Text no.1. The problems of access to the sea & to the resources of the sea by land-locked states, particularly those in Africa, Asia & South America, have become more serious in recent years, & the need for a comprehensive accurate & up-to-date bibliography on the subject has never been greater. This is the only one existent. Besides being expanded & updated, this third edition has the following new features: a new section of resolutions of Intergovernmental organizations other than the United States, a list of abbreviations that appear in the entries, a third index, a more detailed subject index, entries in Chinese & Nepali (making a total of 19 languages), & a variety of more readable typefaces. It should be valuable to students & scholars in geography, international relations, transportation, economic development, international law, diplomatic history, etc., & to diplomats, officials of governments & intergovernmental organizations, consultants & other practitioners. Text no.2 This third revised & expanded edition of a bibliography first published in 1979 lists materials in nineteen languages. New features of the third revised & enlarged edition are: a new section of resolutions of inter-governmental organizations other than the United Nations, a list of abbreviations that appear in the entries, & a third index. The new author index now includes editors of collections & corporate authors, such as consulting firms. This bibliography is of great value to anyone interested in public international law, political geography, economic development, transportation, international relations, the Law of the Sea, diplomacy & related fields.

Compilation of conference papers on transit and transport problems of land locked countries of Africa - covers rights of access to the sea, transport policy (incl. Railway transport, air transport and inland transport), dependency in economic relations and international relations, and the role of South Africa R, role of rhodesia and role of Portugal, migrant worker problems, trade, etc. Bibliography pp. 334 to 337, map and statistical tables. Conference held in Oslo 1972 September 24 to 28.

Afhandling om udviklingen af de folkeretslige havretsregler fra fremkomsten i midten af det 17.årh. til midten af det 20 årh.