Excerpt from A Treatise on Mine Surveying I have taken for granted on the part of my readers an elementary knowledge of mathematics, such, for example, as would enable them to pass the second stage of the Science and Art Department's examination in that subject. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Excerpt from Coal Mine Surveying The rapid depletion of the primitive forests of America by fires and axe in recent years has raised the price of wood so rapidly that the mining industry is becoming alarmed as to its future supply of the big timber of which it has hitherto been such a prodigal consumer. Economy in the use of timber has been essential to commercial success in European mining for several generations and it was to the Old World that our operators went for their first systems of timberless mining. The use of steel and masonry for the support of mine shafts and tunnels has long been practised in Europe not only because of dear timber but because most mines there are considered to be long-term investments rather than temporary speculations. As this replacement of timber supports by other material involves no new mining system and has been thoroughly covered by other writers, it will not be described in this treatise. Though most of the mining methods considered consume some timber, their economy in that respect is so marked as to justify the use of a title Mining without Timber. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from The Mineral Surveyor and Valuer's Complete Guide: Comprising a Treatise on Improved Mining Surveying and the Valuation of Mining Properties With New Traverse Tables Their application to surveys Of mineral workings or Openings which pitch highly must also be a matter of great utility, and they will supply a very ready medium, by which to ascertain the horizontal measure Of the different pitches Of the lines taken, which Often vary very much in the same mine or colliery. The use Of the Magnetic needle is herein strongly defended, as being more generally applicable, as a rule, to mining surveying than any other system that can be suggested. But the author takes the liberty of sub mitting that the magnetic meridian is not a satisfactory base Of working: and a description will be found herein of an improved circumferentor, by the use Of which the (fine Meridian may be made the regular working base, instead of the Magnetic Meridian; and by which the error occasioned by the constantly varying declination of the latter may be effectually guarded against. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from The Mineral Surveyor Valuer's Complete Guide: Comprising a Treatise on Improved Mining Surveying and the Valuation of Mining Properties With New Traverse Tables The Traverse Tables herewith submitted to the public were computed some years ago by the author, to supply a need he had often felt in his professional duties, when engaged in laying out works for the connection of different and distant operations in collieries and mines: viz. a Set of Tables by the use of which the results of some extensive surveys may be computed, and acted upon, with greater accuracy and confidence than can be sometimes attained by the ordinary methods of plotting. It occurred to the author that if a survey were made with great care and accuracy, the results should be capable of computation with absolute certainty; and that thus much cost in mining operations would occasionally be saved, by the drivages meeting properly, as intended: for where the cost of driving is large, in hard ground for instance, frequently costing 3, or 4, or more per yard, an error even of 5 yards may thus become an expensive matter; and frequently also there will be no inconsiderable expense in endeavouring to "straighten" a crooked driving, which has resulted from incorrect "points" having been given. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."