The bibliography is to highlight impacts on fisheries and livelihoods attributed to coral reef marine protected areas in Pacific Island countries and territories. Included in this collection is literature that reports various forms of reef area management practiced in Pacific Island countries: reserves, sanctuaries, permanent or temporary closed areas, community and traditional managed areas.

This document is the result of a survey of over 600 books, articles, technical reports and personal correspondence reviewing approximately 1,000 coastal and marine protected areas in 87 countries and, in turn, was intended to support a larger project that had been undertaken by the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in conjunction with the Government of Ecuador to consider the establishment of protected status for the marine area of the Galapagos Archipelago. To provide background for this larger project, a review of existing or proposed marine protect ed areas was initiated. This bibliographic listing is one result of this review.

Updates the original report of Feb. 2001 and its update of 2003, to reflect the growing interest in protecting areas of the marine environment from further deterioration. Provides an overview of MPA issues under federal jurisdiction.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have an important role in marine conserva tion programmes around the world. Although most have been established relatively recently when compared with protected areas on land, there is considerable expertise on their identification, setting up and management. Some techniques have been adapted from those used on land. Others are novel, and unique to marine conservation. The chapters in this book give an insight into this fast developing field where experiment and innovation work alongside techniques which have been tried and tested. The guiding princi ples behind key stages in the setting up and management of MP As are described, and case studies illustrate how they have worked. While it is most encouraging to read about the successes, the case studies also point to difficulties which have been encountered. Not all of the examples are new or recent but, together, they illustrate what is happening in this field.

The North Sea, one of the most intensively used sea-areas in the world, may well be one of the most intensively regulated sea-areas as well. As human activity developed in the North Sea national & later international regulations followed these developments. The result has been what is commonly called a piecemeal approach. The legal regime of the North Sea has developed in an incremental manner. Thus one conventional instrument after the other, covering different user-functions like vessel-source pollution, fisheries, ocean dumping & land-based pollution, was adopted. In contrast to more modern approaches these legal instruments have their own framework. The result is that the instruments are scattered in many different documents, & even for the more well informed North Sea watcher it is difficult to obtain a comprehensive overview of the regulatory instruments. The North Sea: Basic Legal Documents on Regional Environmental Co-operation offers a comprehensive view of the instruments dealing with all sources of marine pollution in the North Sea, be they ocean dumping, land-based pollution or vessel-source pollution. The book contains many legal documents, including maps & tables. It also contains non-conventional instruments such as the texts of the declarations of the International North Sea Conferences, held between 1984 & 1990, & recommendations & decisions of e.g. the Paris Commission on Land-Based Pollution & the Oslo Commission on Dumping. Furthermore the book contains documentation on relatively new areas of environmental concern in the North Sea region, i.e. nature conservation & management of living resources. The book supplements The North Sea: Perspectives on Regional Environmental Co-operation also edited by David Freestone & Ton IJlstra which contains 26 essays on legal & policy aspects of environmental protection in the North Sea.

This book explores the increasing impacts on the world's oceans from coastal and offshore development, overfishing, a changing climate, natural events, and other sources that are straining the health of marine ecosystems and the Great lakes. Impacts to these intricately balanced environments include declining fish populations, degradation of coral reefs and other vital habitats, threats to rare or endangered species, and loss of artefacts and resources that represent the diverse cultural heritage of the United States. In the United States and around the world, marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly recognised as an important and promising management tool for mitigating or buffering some of these impacts. This book examines the use of MPAs as a way to restore and maintain healthy marine and Great Lakes environments by contributing to the overall protection of critical marine habitats and resources. This is an edited, excerpted and augmented edition of various government publications.