Planetary Health is a solution oriented transdisciplinary field and a global movement focused on analyzing and addressing the impacts of human disruptions to Earth’s natural systems on human health and all life on Earth. A core insight of the field is that the current Earth crisis is so extensive that it is now driving a global humanitarian crisis (Planetary Health Alliance © 2022). The nature of our current problems, with global and local implications, requires that voices from all geographies, genders, and cultures be heard, and that those people be involved in the Planetary Health Alliance (PHA). With that in mind, the PHA proposed that the 4th Planetary Health Annual Meeting (PHAM2021) would be hosted for the first time in the Global South. After a selection process, the University of São Paulo (USP) was chosen to host the PHAM2021, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. USP and PHA worked together to develop the program. The meeting motto reflects the overall concept: Planetary Health for all - bridging communities to achieve the Great Transition. Also on our minds was a sense of urgency to promote actions, as the Earth crisis continues to intensify all around the globe. Then came the COVID-19 outbreak to emphasize the importance of spreading the word about PH as a comprehensive framework to understand our current situation and to promote change. Intended to be held in-person at the USP main campus, we had to shift to a virtual meeting due to the pandemic. We took that as an opportunity to expand the program across an entire week, to declare the last week of April Planetary Health Week, and call our event PH Meeting and Festival, including arts sessions in the program, as arts are an important way to connect people around PH. Our audience increased tremendously, while lowering our environmental footprint: we had more than 5,000 registrants from 130 countries. The narrative of the event was especially tailored to be aligned with the underlying event concept, bringing foundations of PH - values and knowledge, and PH in action in the private sector, government and civil society. Each of them was the main theme of a day that week. Finally, we felt it was time for the global PH community to issue a call-to-action for a deep change and urgent response: the São Paulo Declaration on Planetary Health was developed openly and collaboratively by the global community with assistance from the United Nations Development Program and was released after the event. At the end, and after all the hard work, we felt very satisfied with the results, the ample participation, and with an innovative event that will certainly inspire the next editions.

This book has three main goals. The first is to celebrate the work of a great public health figure, the late A.J. (Tony) McMichael (1942–2014). The second is to position contemporary public health issues in an interdisciplinary context and in ways that highlight the interdependency between the environment, human institutions and behaviours; a broad approach championed by Tony. The third is to encourage emerging and future public health leaders to advocate for policies and cultural change to sustain and improve human health, from a foundation of objective scholarship. The book’s foreword and 38 chapters were written by people who were inspired by Tony; many of whom worked with him at some point in the last 40 years. Its structure reflects five major public health domains, each of which Tony made major contributions to in an extremely productive academic life: occupational health and safety; environmental and social epidemiology; nutrition and food systems; climate change and health; and ecosystem change and infectious disease. The final section, ‘Transformation’, is dedicated to Tony’s desire for public health scientists to propose adaptive and mitigating solutions to the problems they were observing. Each section contains at least one key publication involving Tony. There is also a selection of artworks from an exhibition which formed part of the conference held to honour Tony at The Australian National University in 2012. This conference formed the first part of Tony’s festschrift, completed by this book.

The two-volume set LNCS 12615 + 12616 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, IHCI 2020, which took place in Daegu, South Korea, during November 24-26, 2020. The 75 full and 18 short papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 185 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: cognitive modeling and systems; biomedical signal processing and complex problem solving; natural language, speech, voice and study; algorithms and related applications; crowd sourcing and information analysis; intelligent usability and test system; assistive living; image processing and deep learning; and human-centered AI applications.

Problem solving is central to the teaching and learning of chemistry at secondary, tertiary and post-tertiary levels of education, opening to students and professional chemists alike a whole new world for analysing data, looking for patterns and making deductions. As an important higher-order thinking skill, problem solving also constitutes a major research field in science education. Relevant education research is an ongoing process, with recent developments occurring not only in the area of quantitative/computational problems, but also in qualitative problem solving. The following situations are considered, some general, others with a focus on specific areas of chemistry: quantitative problems, qualitative reasoning, metacognition and resource activation, deconstructing the problem-solving process, an overview of the working memory hypothesis, reasoning with the electron-pushing formalism, scaffolding organic synthesis skills, spectroscopy for structural characterization in organic chemistry, enzyme kinetics, problem solving in the academic chemistry laboratory, chemistry problem-solving in context, team-based/active learning, technology for molecular representations, IR spectra simulation, and computational quantum chemistry tools. The book concludes with methodological and epistemological issues in problem solving research and other perspectives in problem solving in chemistry. With a foreword by George Bodner.

A call-to-arms about the broken nature of artificial intelligence, and the powerful corporations that are turning the human-machine relationship on its head. We like to think that we are in control of the future of "artificial" intelligence. The reality, though, is that we -- the everyday people whose data powers AI -- aren't actually in control of anything. When, for example, we speak with Alexa, we contribute that data to a system we can't see and have no input into -- one largely free from regulation or oversight. The big nine corporations -- Amazon, Google, Facebook, Tencent, Baidu, Alibaba, Microsoft, IBM and Apple--are the new gods of AI and are short-changing our futures to reap immediate financial gain. In this book, Amy Webb reveals the pervasive, invisible ways in which the foundations of AI -- the people working on the system, their motivations, the technology itself -- is broken. Within our lifetimes, AI will, by design, begin to behave unpredictably, thinking and acting in ways which defy human logic. The big nine corporations may be inadvertently building and enabling vast arrays of intelligent systems that don't share our motivations, desires, or hopes for the future of humanity. Much more than a passionate, human-centered call-to-arms, this book delivers a strategy for changing course, and provides a path for liberating us from algorithmic decision-makers and powerful corporations.

Planetary Health - the idea that human health and the health of the environment are inextricably linked - encourages the preservation and sustainability of natural systems for the benefit of human health. Drawing from disciplines such as public health, environmental science, evolutionary anthropology, welfare economics, geography, policy and organizational theory, it addresses the challenges of the modern world, where human health and well-being is threatened by increasing pollution and climate change. A comprehensive publication covering key concepts in this emerging field, Planetary Health reviews ideas and approaches to the subject such as natural capital, ecological resilience, evolutionary biology, One Earth and transhumanism. It also sets out through case study chapters the main links between human health and environmental change. Providing an extensive overview of key theories and literature for academics and practitioners who are new to the field, this engaging and informative read also offers an important resource for students of a diverse range of subjects, including environmental sciences, animal sciences, geography and health.